全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

物种灭绝背景下东海渔业资源衰退原因分析

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-015-5193-4, PP. 1628-1640

Keywords: 渔业资源,衰退,影响因素,累积效应,叠加效应,放大效应

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

?目前全世界几乎所有海域的遗传多样性、物种多样性和生态系统多样性等各个层次都在经受着严重破坏,海洋生态系统严重退化,海洋生物的灭绝速度大大加快.文章从东海海域的海水营养盐结构改变、海洋污染的毒害作用、海洋生境破坏、气候变暖导致海水温度升高、海洋酸化、海洋渔业捕捞压力、海洋致病微生物的扩散等方面分析了可能导致东海渔业资源衰退的原因.认为上述各种因素对东海渔业资源的衰退影响巨大,而且鉴于各种因素的累积效应以及共同作用后的放大效应和叠加效应,实际海洋生态系统中海洋生物的灭绝风险可能比以前估计的更加严重.因此,在生态系统管理中,针对某一风险或影响因素的研究和管理不足以改变东海海洋生态系统退化和海洋渔业资源衰退的状况,对东海海域全面、系统、有效的研究和管控是生态系统健康和持续发展的必然要求.

References

[1]  王新, 周艳艳, 郑天凌. 2010. 海洋细菌生态学的若干前沿课题及其研究新进展. 微生物学报, 50:291-297
[2]  吴伟, 范立民. 2014. 水产养殖环境的污染及其控制对策. 中国农业科技导报, 16:26-34
[3]  徐开达, 刘子藩. 2007. 东海区大黄鱼渔业资源及资源衰退原因分析. 大连水产学院学报, 22:392-396
[4]  许罕多. 2013. 资源衰退下的中国海洋捕捞业产量增长. 山东大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 5:86-93
[5]  薛超波, 王建跃, 王世意, 石亚素, 王光宇, 何伟贤. 2005. 大黄鱼养殖网箱内外细菌的数量分布及区系组成. 中国微生态学杂志, 17:336-338
[6]  鄢庆枇, 王军, 苏永全, 张蕉南. 2001. 网箱养殖大黄鱼弧菌病研究. 集美大学学报(自然科学版), 6:191-196
[7]  杨先乐, 郑宗林. 2005. 南美白对虾病害流行的新动向及其思考. 淡水渔业, 35:3-6
[8]  张斌, 袁晓, 裴恩乐, 牛俊英, 衡楠楠, 王天厚. 2011. 长江口滩涂围垦后水鸟群落结构的变化—以南汇东滩为例. 生态学报, 31:4599-4608
[9]  张成龙, 黄晖, 黄良民, 刘胜. 2012. 海洋酸化对珊瑚礁生态系统的影响研究进展. 生态学报, 32:1606-1615
[10]  张秋华, 程家骅, 徐汉祥, 沈新强, 俞国平, 郑元甲. 2007. 东海区渔业资源及其可持续利用. 北京:复旦大学出版社. 1-690
[11]  张远辉, 黄自强, 马黎明, 乔然, 张滨. 1997. 东海表层水二氧化碳及其海气通量. 台湾海峡, 16:37-42
[12]  张哲, 张志锋, 韩庚辰, 王燕, 王立军, 贺欣. 2012. 长江口外低氧区时空变化特征及形成、变化机制初步探究. 海洋环境科学, 31:469-473
[13]  赵盛龙, 王日昕, 刘绪生. 2002. 舟山渔场大黄鱼资源枯竭原因及保护和增殖对策. 浙江海洋学院学报(自然科学版), 21:160-165
[14]  赵淑江, 朱爱意, 张晓举. 2005. 中国的海洋外来物种及其管理. 海洋开发与管理, 22:58-65
[15]  赵淑江, 朱爱意, 吴常文, 梁冰, 张树义. 2006. 海洋渔业对海洋生态系统的影响. 海洋开发与管理, 23:93-97
[16]  赵淑江, 吕宝强, 王萍, 刘健. 2011. 海洋环境学. 北京:海洋出版社. 1-432
[17]  朱晓光, 房元勇, 严力蛟, 章戈, 黄璐. 2009. 高捕捞强度环境下的海洋鱼类生态对策的演变. 科技通报, 25:51-55
[18]  朱文斌, 周永东, 贺舟挺, 徐开达, 张洪亮, 徐汉祥. 2014. 2012年浙江省海洋渔业资源监测评析. 中国科技成果, 5:40-45
[19]  Aberhan M. 2014. Mass extinctions:Ecological diversity maintained. Nat Geosci, 7:171-172
[20]  Alam M G M, Jahan N, Mazid M A. 1998. Impact of aquatic pollution and its effect on fisheries in Bangladesh. La Mer, 36:23-37
[21]  Al-Bahry S N, Mahmoud I Y, Al-Belushi K I A, Elshafie A E, Al-Harthy A, Bakheit C K. 2009.Coastal sewage discharge and its impact on fish with reference to antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria and enteric pathogens as bio-indicators of pollution. Chemosphere, 77:1534-1539
[22]  Auster P J, Langton R W. 1999. The effects of fishing on fish habitat. Am Fish Soc Symp, 22:150-187
[23]  Balode M, Purina I, Béchemin C, Maestrini Y M. 1998. Effects of nutrient enrichment on the growth rates and community structure of summer phytoplankton from the Gulf of Riga, Baltic Sea. J Plankt Res, 20:2251-2271
[24]  Barnosky A D, Matzke N, Tomiya S, Wogan G, Swartz B, Quental T B, Marshall C, McGuire J L, Lindsey E L, Maguire K C, Mersey B, Ferrer E A. 2011. Has the Earth''s sixth mass extinction already arrived? Nature, 471:51-57
[25]  Beardall J, Stojkovic S, Gao K. 2014. Interactive effects of nutrient supply and other environmental factors on the sensitivity of marine primary producers to ultraviolet radiation:implications for the impacts of global change. Aqut Biol, 22:5-23
[26]  Belovsky G E, Mellison C, Larson C, Van Zandt P A. 1999. Experimental studies of extinction dynamics. Science, 286:1175-1177
[27]  Blois J L, Zarnetske P L, Fitzpatrick M C, Finnegan S. 2013. Climate change and the past, present, and future of biotic interactions. Science, 341:499-504
[28]  Boyd P W, Hutchins D A. 2012. Understanding the responses of ocean biota to a complex matrix of cumulative anthropogenic change. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 470:125-135
[29]  Brook B W, Sodhi N S, Bradshaw C J A. 2008. Synergies among extinction drivers under global change. Trends Ecol Evol, 23:453-460
[30]  Carstensena J, Andersena J H, Gustafssonb B G, Conley D J. 2014. Deoxygenation of the Baltic Sea during the last century. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 111:5628-5633
[31]  Chang F H, Bradford-Grieve J M, Vincent W F, Woods P H. 1995. Nitrogen uptake by the summer size-fractionated phytoplankton assemblages in the Westland, New Zealand, upwelling system. N Z J Mar Freshw Res, 29:147-161
[32]  Cheevaporn V, Menasveta P. 2003. Water pollution and habitat degradation in the Gulf of Thailand. Mar Pollut Bull, 47:43-51
[33]  Claudet J, Fraschetti S. 2010. Human-driven impacts on marine habitats:A regional meta-analysis in the Mediterranean Sea. Biol Conserv, 143:2195-2206
[34]  Conover D O, Munch S B. 2002. Sustaining fisheries yields over evolutionary time scales. Science, 297:94-96
[35]  Crews D, Bergeron J M, McLachlan J A. 1995. The role of estrogen in turtle sex determination and the effect of PCBs. Environ Health Perspec, 103:73-77
[36]  Cross J N, Hose J E. 1988. Evidence for impaired reproduction in white croaker(Genyonemuslineatus) from contaminated areas of southern California. Mar Environ Res, 24:185-188
[37]  Danovaro R, Manini E, Dell''Anno A. 2002. Higher abundance of bacteria than of viruses in deep Mediterranean sediments. Appl Environ Microbiol, 68:1468-1472
[38]  Diaz R J, Rosenberg R. 1995. Marine benthic hypoxia:A review of its ecological effects and the behavioral responses of benthic macrofauna Oceanography. Mar Biol Ann Rev, 33:245-303
[39]  Diaz R J, Rosenberg R. 2008. Spreading dead zones and consequences for marine ecosystems. Science, 321:926-929
[40]  Doney S C. 2006. The dangers of ocean acidification. Sci Am, 294:58-65
[41]  Doney S C, Ruckelshaus M, Duffy J E, Barry J P, Chan F, English C A, Galindo HM, Grebmeier J M, Hollowed A B, Knowlton N, Polovina J, Rabalais N N, Sydeman W J, Talley L D. 2012. Climate change impacts on marine ecosystems. Annu Rev Mar Sci, 4:11-37
[42]  Dupont S, Thorndyke M C. 2009. Impact of CO2-driven ocean acidification on invertebrates early life-history—What we know, what we need to know and what we can do. Biogeosci Disc, 6:3109-3131
[43]  Estes J A, Terborgh J, Brashares J S, Power M E, Berger J, Bond W J, Carpenter S R, Essington T E, Holt R D, Jackson J B C, Marquis R J, Oksanen L, Oksanen T, Paine R T, Pikitch E K, Ripple W J, Sandin S A, Scheffer M, Schoener T W, Shurin J B, Sinclair A R E, SouléM E, Virtanen R, Wardle D A. 2011. Trophic downgrading of planet earth. Science, 333:301-306
[44]  FAO. 2014. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014—Opportunities and Challenges. Rome:FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department. 1-223
[45]  Garcia H E, Boyer T P, Levitus S, Locarnini R A, Antonov J. 2005. On the variability of dissolved oxygen and apparent oxygen utilization content for the upper world ocean:1955 to 1998. Geophys Res Lett, 32:1-4
[46]  Gibbs P E. 1996. Oviduct malformation as a sterilising effect of tributyltin-induced imposex in Ocenebraerinacea(Gastropoda:Muricidae). J Mollus Stud, 62:403-413
[47]  Gillibrand P A, Turrell W R, Moore D C, Adams R D. 1996. Bottom water stagnation and oxygen depletion in a Scottish Sea Loch. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci, 43:217-235
[48]  Godbold J A, Bulling M T, Solan M, 2011. Habitat structure mediates biodiversity effects on ecosystem properties. Proc R Soc B, 278:2510-2518
[49]  Grassele J P, Grassele J F. 1976. Sibling species in the marine pollution indicator Capitella(Polychaeta). Science, 192:567-569
[50]  Griffen B D, Drake J M. 2008. Effects of habitat quality and size on extinction in experimental populations. Proc R Soc B, 275:2251-2256
[51]  Harries J E, Runnals T, Hill E, Harris C A, Maddix S, Sumpter J P, Tyler R. 2000. Development of a reproductive performance test for endocrine disrupting chemicals using pair-breeding fathead minnows(Pimephalespromelas). Environ Sci Technol, 34:3003-3011
[52]  Harvell D, Aronson R, Baron N, Connell J, Dobson A, Ellner S, Gerber L, Kim K, Kuris A, McCallum H, Lafferty K, McKay B, Porter J, Pascual M, Smith G, Sutherland K, Ward J. 2004. The rising tide of ocean diseases:Unsolved problems and research priorities. Front Ecol Environ, 2:375-382
[53]  Haynert K, Sch?nfeld J. 2014. Impact of changing carbonate chemistry, temperature, and salinity on growth and test degration of the benthic foraminifer Amoniaaomoriensis. J Foraminifer Res, 44:76-89
[54]  Hector A, Bagchi R. 2007. Biodiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality. Nature, 448:188-190
[55]  Hodgkiss I J, Ho K C. 1997. Are changes in N:P ratios in coastal waters the key to increased red tide blooms? Hydrobiol, 353:141-147
[56]  Hoegh-Guldberg O, Mumby P J, Hooten A J, Steneck R S, Greenfield P, Gomez E, Harvell C D, Sale P F, Edwards A J, Caldeira K, Knowlton N, Eakin C M, Iglesias-Prieto R, Muthiga N, Bradbury R H, Dubi A, Hatziolos M E. 2007. Coral reefs under rapid climate change and ocean acidification. Science, 318:1737-1742
[57]  Hoegh-Guldberg O, Bruno J F. 2010. The impact of climate change on the world''s marine ecosystems. Science, 328:1523-1528
[58]  Hovel K A. 2003. Habitat fragmentation in marine landscapes:Relative effects of habitat cover and configuration on juvenile crab survival in California and North Carolina seagrass beds. Biol Conserv, 110:401-412
[59]  IPCC. 2014. Climate Change 2014 —Synthesis Report. New York:Cambridge University Press. 1-133
[60]  Islam S, Tanaka M. 2004. Impacts of pollution on coastal and marine ecosystems including coastal and marine fisheries and approach for management:A review and synthesis. Mar Pollut Bull, 48:624-649
[61]  Jackson J B. 2008. Ecological extinction and evolution in the brave new ocean. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105:11458-11465
[62]  Pondaven P, Pivière P, Ridame C, Guien C. 2014. C, N and P stoichiometric mismatch between resources and consumers influence the dynamics of a marine microbial food web model and its response to atmospheric N and P inputs. Biogeosci Disc, 11:2933-2971
[63]  P?rtner H O. 2008. Ecosystem effects of ocean acidification in times of ocean warming:A physiologist''s view. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 373:203-217
[64]  P?rtner H O, Peck M A. 2010. Climate change effects on fishes and fisheries:Towards a cause-and-effect understanding. J Fish Biol, 77:1745-1779
[65]  Punta A E, Poljaka D, Daltonb M G, Foy R J. 2014. Evaluating the impact of ocean acidification on fishery yields andprofits:The example of red king crab in Bristol Bay. Ecol Model, 285:39-53
[66]  Qiu G Y, Zhou F, Shi X. 2014. Effects of mangrove on the biodiversity of macro benthos under the condition of severe water pollution. Ecohydrol, doi:10.1002/eco.1579
[67]  Richards R G, Davidson A T, Meynecke J, Beattief K, Hernamang V, Lynamh T, van Putteni I E. 2015. Effects and mitigations of ocean acidification on wild and aquaculture scallop and prawn fisheries in Queensland, Australia. Fish Res, 161:42-56
[68]  Rocha J, Yletyinen J, Biggs R, Blenckner T, Peterson G. 2015. Marineregime shifts:Drivers and impacts onecosystems services. Phil Trans R Soc B Biol Sci, 370, doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0273
[69]  Rochette S, Rivot E, Morin J, Mackinson S, Riou P, Le Pape O. 2010. Effect of nursery habitat degradation on flatfish population:Application to Soleasolea in the Eastern Channel(Western Europe). J Sea Res, 64:34-44
[70]  Safina C. 1995. The world''s imperiled fish. Sci Am, 273:46-53
[71]  Sarkar A, Bhagat J, Sarker S. 2014. Evaluation of impairment of DNA in marine gastropod, Morula granulate as a biomarker of marine pollution. Ecotox Environ Saf, 106:253-261
[72]  Schumacher U, Zahler S, Horny H P, Heidemann G, Skirnisson K, Welsch U. 1993. Histological investigations on the thyroid glands of marine mammals(Phocavitulina, Phocoenaphocoena) and the possible implications of marine pollution. J Wild Disease, 29:103-108
[73]  Scott D. 2001. Chemical pollution as a factor affecting the sea survival of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Fish Manag Ecol, 8:487-499
[74]  Scavia D, Field J F, Boesch D F, Buddemeier R, Burkett V, Cayan D, Fogarty M, Harwell M, Howarth R, Mason C, Reed D, Royer T, Sallenger A, Titus J. 2002. Climate change impacts on US coastal and marine ecosystem. Estuaries, 25:149-164
[75]  Shen G, Heino M. 2014. An overview of marine fisheries management in China. Mar Policy, 44:265-272
[76]  Stierhoff K L, Neumann M, Mau S A, Murfin D W. 2014. White abalone at San Clemente Island:Population estimates and management recommendations. Technical Memorandum NMFS, NOAA. 1-16
[77]  Ulloa O, Canfield D E, DeLong E F, Letelierd R M, Stewart F J. 2012. Microbial oceanography of anoxic oxygen minimum zones. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 109:15996-16003
[78]  Utne-Palm A C, Salvanes A, Currie B, Kaartvedt S, Nilsson G, Braithwaite V, Stecyk J, Hundt M, Bank M, Flynn B, Sandvik G, Klevjer T, Sweetman A, Brüchert V, Pittman K, Peard K, Lunde I, Strandab?R, Gibbons M. 2010. Trophic structure and community stability in an overfished ecosystem. Science, 329:333-336.
[79]  Vaquer-Sunyer R, Duarte C M. 2008. Thresholds of hypoxia for marine biodiversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105:15452-15457
[80]  ViéJ, Hilton-Taylor C, Stuart S N. 2009. Wildlife in Changing World:An Analysis of the 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Gland:IUCN. 1-180
[81]  Wake D B, Vredenburg V T. 2008. Are we in the midst of the sixth mass extinction? A view from the world of amphibians. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 105:11466-11473
[82]  Whitfield P E, Gardner T, Vives S P, Gilligan M R, Courtenay W R, Ray G C, Hare J A. 2002. Biological invasion of the Indo-Pacific lionfish Pterosisvolitans along the Atlantic coast of North America. Mar Ecol Prog Ser, 235:289-297
[83]  Xu D, Wang D, Li B, Fan X, Zhang X W, Ye N H, Wang Y, Mou S, Zhuang Z. 2015. Effect of CO2 and seawater acidification on the early stages of Saccharina japonica development. Environ Sci Technol, 49:3548-3556
[84]  Zhao S, Jiao N, Shen Z, Wu Y L. 2005a. Causes and consequences of changes in nutrient structure in the Jiaozhou Bay. J Integ Plant Biol, 47, 396-410
[85]  Zhao S, Jiao N, Wu C, Liang B, Zhang S Y. 2005b. Evolution of nutrient structure and phytoplankton composition in the Jiaozhou Bay Ecosystem. J Environ Sci, 17:95-102
[86]  Zoller U. 2006. Estuarine and coastal zone marine pollution by the nonionic alkylphenol ethoxylates endocrine disrupters:Is there a potential ecotoxicological problem? Environ Intern, 32:269-272
[87]  蔡榕硕, 陈际龙, 黄荣辉. 2006. 中国近海和邻近海域的海洋环境对最近全球气候变化的响应. 大气科学, 30:1019-1033
[88]  曹亚俐. 2013. 利用生物标志物梯烷脂研究东海厌氧氨氧化活动的时空分布特征. 硕士学位论文. 青岛:中国海洋大学. 1-55
[89]  晁敏, 全为民, 李纯厚, 程炎宏. 2005. 东海区海洋捕捞渔获物的营养级变化研究. 海洋科学, 29:51-55
[90]  董燕红, 蔡建东, 钱宏林. 2009. 珠江口海域营养盐比及与浮游植物的关系. 海洋通报, 28:3-10
[91]  方倩. 2008. 东海主要化学污染物来源和近30年排海通量变化规律研究. 硕士学位论文. 青岛:中国海洋大学. 1-68
[92]  方涛, 李道季, 余立华, 高磊, 张利华. 2006. 光照和营养盐磷对微型及微微型浮游植物生长的影响. 生态学报, 26:2783-2790
[93]  高坤山. 2011. 海洋酸化正负效应:藻类的生理学响应. 厦门大学学报(自然科学版), 50:411-417
[94]  何盛毅, 林传旭, 何毛贤, 严岩. 2011. 海洋酸化对马氏珍珠母贝胚胎和早期幼虫发育的影响. 生态学杂志, 30:747-751
[95]  焦念志. 1995. 海洋浮游生物氮吸收动力学及其粒级特征. 海洋与湖沼, 26:191-198
[96]  焦念志. 2012. 海洋固碳与储碳—并论微型生物在其中的重要作用. 中国科学:地球科学, 42:1473-1486
[97]  李道季, 张经, 黄大吉, 吴莹, 梁俊. 2002. 长江口外氧的亏损. 中国科学D辑:地球科学, 32:686-694
[98]  李娟, 黄倢, 唐学玺. 2005. 病毒:海洋生态动力学和疾病学研究的创新点. 海洋湖沼通报, 2:79-87
[99]  梁雄伟, 于洪贤, 刘伟. 2011. 气候变化对鲑鳟鱼类栖息环境及相关生物学的影响. 水产学杂志, 24:63-68
[100]  林克冰, 周宸, 刘家富, 周胜利, 曾志南, 陈木. 1999. 海水网箱养殖大黄鱼病原菌研究. 海洋科学, 4:58-62
[101]  刘海霞, 李道季, 高磊, 王伟伟, 陈炜清. 2012. 长江口夏季低氧区形成及加剧的成因分析. 海洋科学进展, 30:186-197
[102]  刘慧, 苏纪兰. 2014. 基于生态系统的海洋管理理论与实践. 地球科学进展, 29:275-284
[103]  刘会玉, 林振山, 温腾, 梁仁君. 2007a. 不同生境毁坏速度下的物种灭绝机制. 生态学报, 27:2410-2418
[104]  刘会玉, 林振山, 温腾. 2007b. 集合种群动态对栖息地毁坏时空异质性的响应. 生态学报, 27:3711-3717
[105]  刘艳, 吴惠仙, 薛俊增. 2014. 舟山海域东方小藤壶的入侵与影响分析. 水产学报, 38:1047-1055
[106]  卢继武, 罗秉征, 兰永伦, 黄颂芳, 朱德林, 孔祥雨. 1995. 中国近海渔业资源结构特点及演替的研究. 海洋科学集刊, 36:195-211
[107]  陆琴燕, 刘永, 李纯厚, 魏小岚, 刘勇. 2013. 海洋外来物种入侵对南海生态系统的影响及防控对策. 生态学杂志, 32:2186-2193
[108]  卢婧雯. 2011. 中国东海可培养微生物多样性研究及多相分类学鉴定. 硕士学位论文. 新乡:河南师范大学. 1-61
[109]  倪海儿, 陆杰华. 2003. 舟山渔场主要渔业资源利用现状. 应用生态学报, 14:569-572
[110]  宁修仁. 2005. 乐清湾、三门湾养殖生态和养殖容量研究与评价. 北京:海洋出版社. 40-46
[111]  彭欣, 宁修仁, 孙军, 乐凤凤. 2006. 南海北部浮游植物生长对营养盐的响应. 生态学报, 26:3959-3968
[112]  曲宝晓, 宋金明, 袁华茂, 李学刚, 李宁, 段丽琴, 马清霞, 陈鑫. 2013. 东海海-气界面二氧化碳通量的季节变化与控制因素研究进展. 地球科学进展, 28:783-793
[113]  曲长凤, 宋金明, 李宁. 2014. 水母旺发的诱因及对海洋环境的影响. 应用生态学报, 12:1-15
[114]  曲克明, 陈碧鹃, 袁有宪, 辛福言. 2000. 氮磷营养盐影响海水浮游硅藻种群组成的初步研究. 应用生态学报, 11:445-448
[115]  单秀娟, 庄志猛, 金显仕, 戴芳群. 2011. 长江口及其邻近水域大型水母资源量动态变化对渔业资源结构的影响. 应用生态学报, 22:3321-3328
[116]  宋志刚, 许强芝, 鲁心安, 焦炳华, 艾峰. 2006. 中国东海海洋微生物种群多样性初步研究. 微生物学通报, 33:63-67
[117]  孙松. 2012. 对黄、东海水母暴发机理的新认知. 海洋与湖沼, 43:406-410
[118]  王冠钰, 郭佩芳, 2014. 基于生态系统的渔业管理方式(EBFM)在中国的适用性. 海洋环境科学, 33:792-797
[119]  王绍武, 闻新宇. 2011. 物种大灭绝. 气候变化研究进展, 7:301-303
[120]  Dybas C. 2005. Dead zones spreading in world oceans. Biol Sci, 55:552-557
[121]  Elliott D T, Pierson J J, Roman M R. 2013. Copepods and hypoxia in Chesapeake Bay:Abundance, vertical position and non-predatory mortality. J Plankt Res, 35:1027
[122]  Jiao N, Yang Y, Koshikawa H, Watanabe M. 2002. Responses of picoplankton to nutrient perturbation in the South China Sea, with special reference to the coastwards distribution of Prochlorococcus. Acta Bot Sin, 44:731-739
[123]  Jiao N, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Hong N, Liu R, Chen F, Wang P. 2007. Distinct distribution pattern of abundance and diversity of aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria in the global ocean. Environ Microbiol, 9:3091-3099
[124]  Jones P. 1997. TBT implicated in mass dolphin deaths. Mar Pollut Bull, 34:146
[125]  Johnson T J, Wannemuehler Y, Johnson S J, Stell AL, Doetkott C, Johnson J R, Kim K S, Spanjaard L, Nolan L K. 2008. Comparison of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli strains from human and avian sources reveals a mixed subset representing potential zoonotic pathogens. Appl Environ Microbiol, 74:7043-7050
[126]  Kaiser M, Rogers S, Ellis J R. 1999. Importance of benthic habitat complexity for demersal fish assemblages. Proc Am Fish Soc, 22:212-223
[127]  Leclercq N, Gattuso J P, Jaubert J. 2002. Primary production, respiration, and calcification of a coral reef mesocosm under increased CO2 partial pressure. Limnol Oceanogr, 47:558-564
[128]  Malakoff D. 1998. Death by suffocation in the Gulf of Mexico. Science, 281:190-192
[129]  McGowan J A, Cayan D R, Dorman L M. 1998. Climate-ocean variability and ecosystem response in the Northeast Pacific. Science, 281:210-217
[130]  Middelboe M, Glud R N, Finster K. 2003. Distribution of viruses and bacteria in relation to diagenetic activity in an estuarine sediment. Limnol Oceanogr, 48:1447-1456
[131]  Mooney H, Larigauderie A, Cesario M, Elmquist T, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Lavorel S, Mace G M, Palmer M, Scholes R, Yahara T. 2009. Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Curr Opin Environ Sust, 1:46-54
[132]  Murawski S A. 2000. Definition of overfishing from an ecosystem perspective. ICES, 57:649-658
[133]  Musick J A, Harbin M M, Berkeley S A, Burgess G H, Eklund A M, Findley L, Gilmore R G, Golden J T, Ha D S, Huntsman G R, McGovern J C, Parker S J, Poss S G, Sala E, Schmidt T W, Sedberry G R, Weeks H, Wright S G. 2000. Marine, estuarine, and diadromous fish stocks at risk of extinction in North America(Exclusive of Pacific Salmonids). Fisheries, 25:6-30
[134]  Naeem S, Duffy J E, Zavaleta E. 2012. The functions of biological diversity in an age of extinction. Science, 336:1401-1406
[135]  Nol P, Rocke T E, Gross K, Yuill T M. 2004. Prevalence of neurotoxic Clostridiumbotulinum type C in the gastrointestinal tracts of tilapia(Oreochromismossambicus) in the Salton Sea. J Wild Discov, 40:414-419
[136]  Noornissabegum M, Revathi K. 2014. Analysis of gut bacterial flora from edible marine fishes of South east of India. Int J Curr Micobl Appl Sci, 3:523-528
[137]  Omar W A, Zaghloul K H, Abdel-Khalek A A, Abo-Hegab S. 2012. Genotoxic effects of metal pollution in two fish species, Oreochromisniloticus and Mugilcephalus, from highly degraded aquatic habitats. Mutat Res, 746:7-14
[138]  Pauly D, Christensen V, Dalsgaard J, Froese R, Torres Jr F. 1998. Fishing down the marine food webs. Science, 279:860-863
[139]  Pauly D, Christensen V. 2002. Primary production required to sustain global fisheries. Nature, 374:255-257
[140]  Pereira H M, Leadley P W, Proencsa V, Alkemade R, Scharlemann J, Fernandez-Manjarrés J, Araújo M, Balvanera P, Biggs R, Cheung W, Chini L, Cooper H, Gilman E, Guénette S, Hurtt G, Huntington H, Mace G, Oberdorff T, Revenga C, Rodrigues P, Scholes R, Sumaila U, Walpole M. 2010. Scenarios for global biodiversity in the 21st century. Science, 330:1496-1501

Full-Text

Contact Us

[email protected]

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133