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孟加拉湾热带风暴对青藏高原降水和土壤湿度的影响

DOI: 10.1007/s11430-014-5028-8, PP. 625-638

Keywords: 热带风暴,孟加拉湾,青藏高原,土壤湿度,积雪,WRF模式

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Abstract:

?利用JTWC提供的1981~2011年孟加拉湾热带风暴最佳路径资料,研究春季、初夏(AMJ)及秋冬季节(SOND)孟加拉湾风暴对青藏高原降水及土壤湿度的影响特征.研究表明:每年平均约1.35个孟加拉湾风暴能够影响青藏高原,5和10月是孟加拉湾风暴影响青藏高原的两个主要时期,且在AMJ生成的风暴比SOND影响范围更大,影响的纬度更偏北;孟加拉湾风暴引起的降水最大可超过当地当月降水量的50%,同时也能够占到整个季节的20%.资料分析还表明春季风暴降水引起的青藏高原表层土壤湿度异常大概能维持20~25d,秋冬季节孟加拉湾风暴引起的高原积雪也仅能维持20d左右便基本消融殆尽.数值试验表明青藏高原表层土壤湿度异常仅持续20d左右,次表层异常则大概可以持续2个月,而更深层次土壤湿度异常则可维持数个月甚至更久.最后,统计关系还表明前期风暴引起的高原积雪及土壤湿度异常并不足以影响到东亚夏季降水,其与中国东部夏季降水异常无直接联系.近30年来孟加拉湾风暴强度增强,使得20世纪90年代中期以后孟加拉湾风暴对青藏高原春季降水的影响有所增强.

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