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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用：99美元
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道路建设对秦岭山区社会—生态系统的影响——一个社区恢复力的视角
DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201508010, PP. 1313-1326
Keywords: 道路建设,社会—生态系统,恢复力,逐步回归分析,秦岭山区
Abstract:
社会—生态系统具有不可预期、自组织和多稳态体制等特征。道路建设是区域发展重要的干扰驱动因素,对局域社会—生态系统产生多要素和跨尺度的影响。基于社会—生态系统恢复力的相关概念和分析框架,以道路建设为切入点,借鉴社会经济连通度概念,以商洛市为例,从区域（local）和社区（community）两个尺度,分析道路建设对欠发达山区社会—生态系统的综合影响。将社会—生态系统分解为经济增长、生态景观格局和乡村发展3个维度,选取商洛市统计年鉴、商州区遥感影像和典型农户调查3类数据,结合数理模型、遥感与GIS技术和问卷统计分析,对道路建设与经济发展,道路网络与景观破碎度变化以及高速公路（国道）建设对乡村社区恢复力的影响进行了研究。主要结论包括①道路扩张成为减贫的原因,却并非经济增长的动因,而经济增长却是道路网络扩展的原因;②道路建设增加了当地生态景观的破碎度,却提高了社会连通度,并且景观破碎度与社会连通度之间呈正相关;③在乡村社区尺度上,道路建设与社区恢复力之间呈现复杂关系,乡村社区恢复力可以从集体记忆、生计多样性和适应能力3个准则层选取相应的替代指标,通过对农户调查来分析和解释,运用逐步回归分析,识别了乡村社区恢复力的影响因素。最后,对基础设施建设影响下的欠发达山区乡村恢复力的研究方向进行了探讨。
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| [24] | AlbertL,JoanN.Indicatorsoflandscapefragmentation:Thecaseforcombiningecologicalindicesandtheperceptiveapproach.EcologicalIndicators,2012:85-91.TheEuropeanLandscapeConvention(ELC)bringsthesocialdimensionoflandscapestotheforefrontofitsdefinitionoflandscape.Landscapeindicatorsneedtotakethisrequirementintoaccount.Landscapefragmentation,whichisoneofthemostwidespreadlandscapeprocessesinEurope,hasbeenstudiedinbothconservationbiologyandlandscapeecologydisciplines.Quantitativeindicatorscapableofmeasuringlandscapepatternsandchangesareusedtoexaminelandscapefragmentationandassesstheimpactontheenvironmentandbiodiversity.Inaddition,qualitativeindicatorsareusedtomeasurethesocialdimensionandperceptionoflandscapefragmentationbyhumans(withlittleconnectiontoecologicalprocesses).Inthisarticle,wesummarizeandanalyzethecurrentassessmentsusedtostudylandscapefragmentation.Wereportthestrengths,limitations,successesandchallengesofthequantitativeandperceptiveapproachesandprovideinsightintothepossibilitiesandpotentialofcombiningtheseapproachesintooneassessment.Basedontheexistingliteratureandpioneeringintegrativeapproaches,weconcludethatitisconvenientandfeasibletodesignanindicatoroflandscapefragmentationthatisconsistentwiththeELCframework.Thisindicatorwouldbeinformativeofchangesinthelandscapepatternandmeaningfulforlandplannersandsocietyasawhole.Suchanindicator,however,shouldbeconstrainedinscopetofocusonpeopleandouruniqueperceptionofscale,visualfragmentation,andhumansocietalcontextandculturalbackground.DOI:10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.08.016Elsevier
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| [25] | SuWeizhong,YangGuishan,ZhenFeng.EcologicallandfragmentationanditsconnectivitywithurbanizationintheYangtzeRiverDelta.ActaGeographicaSinica,2007,62(12):1309-1317.Rapidfragmentationofnaturalecosystemsbyanthropogenicactivityistheimportantformofnaturallandscapeevolutiononearthsurfacetoday.Inanecologicalsense,fragmentationinvolvesdividingupcontiguousecosystemsintosmallerareascalled'patches'.Thedevelopmentoffragmentationindicesmostlyparallelsthedevelopmentoflandscapeecology.Thisreviewexamineslandscapeindicesandtheirusefulnessinreflectingtheeffectsofecosystemfragmentation.ThenonthebasisofGeographicInformationSystemtechnologyandlandscapeecologicalmethod,thepaperdefinestheconceptofecologicallandandmeasurementindicesoffragmentationandurbanizationsizeandspatialconfiguration,andthenquantitativelyexploresfragmentationpropertiesofecologicallandandtheirrelationshipwithurbanizationintheYangtzeRiverDeltaarea.Ourfindingsaresummarizedintothreepointsofviewintheendofthepaper.(1)TenfragmentationindicessuchasMPS,LPI,CAI,NP,PD,FD,SI,MNN,AIandCObasedonlandscapeecologyarefirstlyhandledbyselectingthemethodofPrincipalComponentAnalysisofSPSS,andthentherearethreeprincipalcomponentsextracted.ThefirstprincipalcomponentisdefinedassizecomponenthighlyloadedbyindicesofMPS,LPI,CAI,FD,SI,andthesecondprincipalcomponentdefinedasnumeralcomponenthighlyloadedbyNPandPD,andthethirdcomponentdefinedasspatialconfigurationcomponenthighlyloadedbyMNN,AIandCO.AccordingtothreeprincipalcomponentsthegeneralfragmentationmodelofecologicallandFhasbeensetup.ThentheClusterAnalysisisselectedtoanalyzetherelationshipbetweenFandurbanizationlevelU,urbanlandratioUAandAggregationIndexofurbanlandUI.LastlytherearesevencategoriesareastobeclusteredforfragmentationofecologicallandintheYangtzeRiverDeltaarea,whichincludetwohighfragmentationareas(F1,F2),threemoderatefragmentationareas(F3,F4,F5)andtwolowfragmentationareas(F6,F7).(2)Basedonthespatialscaleofcountyareaandtheremotesensingimageofa30-metreresolution,fragmentationsofecologicallandarethecombinedrepresentationofurbanization,ecologicallandpropertiesandtheotherdisturbanceresources.ThegeneralmodeofecologicallandfragmentationFhasnoevidentrelationshipwithurbanizationlevelandurbanlandratio,whoserelativecoefficientsrespectivelyare0.303and0.432,buthasaveryclearlynegativerelationshipwithurbanlandAggregationIndex,whoserelativecoefficientis-0.807.(3)Theconclusionsofecologicallandfragmentationareasandtheirconnectivitieswithurbanizationprovidescientificbasisforselectingspatialstrategiesofecologicallandsafetypatterns.Atthesametimeitisverymeaningfultoguidescientificallyurbanspatialdevelopmentdirection.Thefollowingresearchesaboutthistopicmainlyarefromthreeaspects:exploringinfluencingfactorsforecologicallandfragmentationbyuseofhigh-revolutionimagedataintypicalareas;analyzingfragmentationanditsconnectivitywithurbanizationbasedonthebufferzonearoundurbanarea;andrevealingthedynamicalprocessofecologicallandfragmentationcausedbyurbanization.原文[苏伟忠,杨桂山,甄峰.长江三角洲生态用地破碎度及其城市化关联.地理学报,2007,62(12):1309-1317.]原文
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| [26] | WangChengjin,WangWei,ZhangMengtian,etal.Evolution,accessibilityofroadnetworksinChinaanddynamics:Fromalongperspective.ActaGeographicaSinica,2014,69(10):1496-1509.原文[王成金,王伟,张梦天,等.中国道路网络的通达性评价与演化机理.地理学报,2014,69(10):1496-1509.]现代交通方式产生之前,传统道路设施及道路运输是主要交通方式,成为各历史时期社会经济联系的主要途径,本文力图探究道路设施网络的长期演化规律。为此,本文以具有国家意义的"国道"为研究对象,以商周以来3500年为时间尺度,设计了道路网发育指标和可达性—最短距离模型;刻画了中国道路网的拓展和演化过程,总结各时期的发展特征、空间格局及模式,揭示演变规律;评价了道路网的结构特征、成熟水平与连通性,分析各时期的可达性格局及演变,识别可达性优势与劣势区域;考察了道路网演变与中国社会—经济系统的关系机制。研究发现,中国道路网遵循了"内陆扩张"模式尤其从内陆向边疆拓展,可达性形成明显的"核心—边缘"中心圈层格局,并同国防建设和国家集权、邮驿系统、贸易运输有紧密关系。DOI:10.11821/dlxb201410009原文
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| [27] | WangChengjin,DingJinxue,YangWei.PolicyandspatialeffectofexpresswayplanningnetworkinChina.ActaGeographicaSinica,2011,66(8):1076-1088.Sincethemid-1990s,eachprovinceofChinahasactedonitsownfreewillinexpresswayplanningandconstruction,whichresultsinsomeseriousproblemsforregionalsustainabledevelopmentandlandplanning.Inthispaper,weanalyzedthescaleandspatialnetworkofexpresswayplanningandcomparedthenationalnetworkwithprovincialnetworkofexpressway.Theresultshowsthatthescaleofexpresswaynetworkinthelong-termperiodwillreach17.4×10kmandformadenseexpresswaynetworklikethecobweb.TheexpresswayplanningofprovincesinthecentralandwesternChinaexpandsgreatlyfromtheinitialscale.Moreover,wediscussedthespatialinfluencesofthegiganticexpresswayplanningnetworkwithindicesofaccessibility,servicecapacityandspatialpartition.Theresultsdemonstratethatthescaleofplannedexpresswaynetworkbyeachprovinceistoolargeandmanynewplannedrouteschieflylinksmalltownsandthebacklandareas.TheplannedprovincialexpresswaynetworkdeviatesfromthespatialdistributionofChina'seconomicdevelopment,populationandcitysystem.Particularly,theplannedscaleandspatialcovercapacityofexpresswaynetworkdeviatesfromitseconomicandtechnologicattributes.Finally,werevealedthedevelopmentmechanismontheregulationofeachprovince'sexpresswayplanningandexpansionoftheexpresswayplanningscale.Thediscussionresultshowsthattheplanningsystemofexpressway,financesystemforconstruction,chargepolicy,strategiestothefinancialcrisisin2008andthecriterionforassessingpoliticalachievementleadtotheregulationofexpresswayplanningandtheenlargementofeachprovince'splanningscale.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01212.x原文[王成金,丁金学,杨威.中国高速公路规划网的空间效应与政策机制.地理学报,2011,66(8):1076-1088.]20世纪90年代中期以来,随着地方政府对高速公路的追求,高速公路规划和建设成为中国区域发展的突出问题。本文分析了中国高速公路网的规划规模与空间体系,重点对比集成网和国家网的规模总量和空间网络,结果表明中国高速公路网中长期目标达17.4万km,中西部省份的规模拓展明显；揭示了中国高速公路规划网引致的空间效应,包括连通性、空间服务水平和国土碎化,结论证明省级单位拓展后的集成网过于超前,新增路线主要连接人口和经济规模较小的城镇及偏远地区,覆盖效率低,偏离了中国经济发展、人口分布、城镇体系及地理环境的国情,高速公路规划规模与覆盖水平背离了其技术经济属性。然后,重点从政策角度分析了高速公路规划规模持续扩大的机制,认为高速公路规划审批体制、融资体制、收费政策、经济危机应对政策及政绩追求等是促使省级单位拓展规划规模的主要原因。原文
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| [28] | GengLijuan.ThestudyontheevaluationoftourismresourcesandspatialstructureinShangluoCity[D].Xi'an:ShaanxiNormalUniversity,2009.[耿丽娟.商洛市旅游资源评价与空间结构研究[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2009.]
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| [29] | CaoYongfu.Reviewonthegrangercausalitytest.WorldEconomicStatisticalResearch,2005,52(2):16-21.[曹永福.格兰杰因果性检验评述.世界经济统计研究,2005,52(2):16-21.]格兰杰因果性检验是计量经济学中最常用的因果性检验方法,但是因为种种原因,目前很多实证研究存在着对该检验方法的模糊认识和不正确运用.本文回顾了格兰杰因果性检验的发展脉络,对国内目前在实际运用格兰杰因果性时存在的一些问题进行了讨论.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3894.2006.01.018CNKI
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| [30] | ZhuQirong.CointegrationandGrangercausalitytestontherelationbetweenenergyconsumptionandexport.InternationalEconomicsandTradeResearch,2007,123(4):9-12.CNKI[朱启荣.能源消费与出口贸易的协整及Granger因果关系检验:以山东省为例.经贸理论,2007,l23(4):9-12.]维普
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| [31] | FengJian,ZhangXiaolin.AresearchondevelopmentoftownshipandchangesofmodernruralcommunityofsouthernJiangsuProvince.ProgressinGeography,1999,18(3):222-229.Ruralcommunityreferstoacertainruralregionwhichhassteadyandintegratedstructure,function,characteristicsofdynamicevolutionandsomesenseperceptionofsocialidentification.Aruralcommunityisabasiccomponentunitandspatialminiatureofruralsociety.Researchonruralcommunitycontributestoinsightintoorganizationalstructure,spatialcharacteristicsandmechanismofitschanges.ThehistoryandcharacteristicsofdevelopmentofSouthernJingsu'smoderntownshiparereviewedfirst.Then,theinfluenceofdevelopmentofmoderntownshiponthechangesofSouthernJiangsu'sruralcommunityisanalyzedfromfiveaspectsofruralcommunityasfollows:idea,economy,culture,settlementandguarantee.Intheend,sometrendsofconstructionofmoderntownshipanddevelopmentofruralcommunityofSouthernJiangsuProvinceareproposed.DOI:10.11820/dlkxjz.1999.03.005原文[冯健,张小林.苏南小城镇发展与现代乡村社区变迁研究.地理科学进展,1999,18(3):222-229.]乡村社区是指一定乡村地域上具有相对稳定和完整的结构、功能、动态演化特征以及一定认同感的社会空间，是乡村社会的基本构成单元和空间缩影。通过乡村社区研究可以较为全面地洞察乡村社会的组织结构、空间特征与过程及其变迁的动力机制。苏南是中国乡村经济最发达的地区之一，其小城镇的蓬勃发展促进了现代乡村社区的变迁。本文回顾了苏南现代小城镇发展历程与特点，从乡村社区观念、经济、文化、聚落和保障5个方面剖析了小城镇发展对苏南现代乡村社区变迁的作用，并系统分析了苏南现代小城镇建设与乡村社区的发展趋势。DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-6301.1999.03.005原文
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| [32] | ZhangNa.Scaleissuesinecology:Upscaling.ActaEcologicaSinica,2007,22(10):4252-4265.CNKI[张娜.生态学中的尺度问题:尺度上推.生态学报,2007,22(10):4252-4265.]CNKI
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| [33] | MengBin,WangJinfeng.Areviewonthemethodologyofscalingwithgeo-data.ActaGeographicaSinica,2005,60(2):277-288.TheabilitytochangescaleisoneofthemaindevelopmenttopicsinGISandRS.GISandimageprocessingsystemshaveofferedsometoolsformulti-scaleapproaches.Butthecapabilitiesarelimited.Scalingofmulti-scaleGeo-dataisoneofthesuitablemethodstodealwiththisproblem.Inthispaper,thedetailedreviewwasdonebycomparingdifferentmethodsindifferentresearchareas.ArealinterpolationisthemostimportantwaytosolvethescalingproblemsinGISci.Andsociologistsandeconomistshavedevelopedthesmallareastatisticstosolvetheproblemofthechangingofthestatisticalunits.Andthereviewshowsthattherearesomesimilarprinciplesindifferentmethodologies,andeachonehasitsspecialpivots.原文[孟斌,王劲峰.地理数据尺度转换方法研究进展.地理学报,2005,60(2):277-288.]尺度问题在地理学、生态学和水文科学等众多领域都具有非常重要的地位。近年来,随着对地观测技术和地理信息科学的飞速发展,解决地理数据的尺度转换问题成为目前地理信息科学及相关研究中的热点和难点问题之一。在地理信息科学相关领域中,地图学和遥感科学研究人员从尺度概念的理解到尺度转换的理论和方法都做了大量的研究,对解决地理数据空间特征的尺度转换做出了重要的贡献。在地理数据属性特征的尺度转换研究领域,地理信息科学研究者提出的面域插值方法是解决此问题的主要方法之一。同时,在社会经济科学领域,“小区域统计学”也发展了一套相关的理论和方法,试图解决统计单元的变更问题。文章在全面回顾和比较不同研究领域解决“尺度转换”问题方法的基础上,重点介绍面域插值方法和小区域统计学的基本原理及其典型应用。DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2005.02.011原文
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