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地理学报  2015 

基于GIS和RS技术的北京市功能区产流风险分析

DOI: 10.11821/dlxb201502011, PP. 308-318

Keywords: SCS-CN模型,城市功能区,Moran's,I指数,产流风险

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Abstract:

城市化进程加大了城市区域暴雨洪水灾害发生的风险,定量研究城市降雨产流特征,可以为城区的科学规划和管理提供科学依据。以北京市五环内地区为研究对象,利用GIS和RS技术提取了五环内的土地覆被信息,并结合不同地区用途进行了功能分区。在此基础上,结合SCS-CN水文模型分析了研究区在不同降雨重现期的降雨产流分布特征,并定量识别了北京市五环区域内的产流风险区。结果表明在不同重现期降雨下,五环内地区不同等级产流风险区分布格局差异明显。高产流风险区占全区的面积由重现期1a的18.90%增加到重现期100a的54.74%;由于不透水面比率不同,不同功能区的产流特征也存在显著差异,其中商业用地区产流风险最高,平均产流量为24.76mm(重现期1a),天然绿地区产流量最低,均值为7.36mm(重现期1a);随着降雨重现期的增加,各功能区之间的产流量存在趋同效应;五环内产流风险格局呈现出中心高、四周低的环状分布特征,高产流风险聚集区大多分布在城市中心的商业和居住区,低产流风险聚集区主要为大型公园和天然绿地,分布在四环与五环之间。城市防涝规划工作应该充分考虑城市产流风险聚集区分布以及不同功能区的降雨产流风险特征,分层统筹,科学拟定规划方案,同时还要充分利用城市自身的“生态”优势,多角度解决城市暴雨洪水问题。

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