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科学通报  2015 

离子液体的吸水性研究进展

DOI: 10.1360/N972015-00266, PP. 2516-2524

Keywords: 离子液体,吸水性,机理,相互作用,动态过程

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Abstract:

大部分离子液体如果直接暴露在空气中都能吸收一些水分,而水会对离子液体的微观结构、物理化学性质等产生一定程度的影响,从而进一步影响离子液体的应用,因此有必要对离子液体的吸湿性开展系统深入的研究.本文评述了离子液体吸湿性研究领域的最新进展.通过对50多种离子液体的吸湿性的分析,总结了离子液体的结构因素和温度、湿度等外部因素对其吸湿性的影响,并对文献中提出的两步吸收机理和3类用于表征吸收过程参数进行了讨论,评述了基于实验数据的离子液体吸湿性分类标度.另外,离子液体的宏观吸湿性取决于其和水分子间的微观相互作用,关于这方面的研究已经比较多,本文简单综述了离子液体和水的分子间相互作用,和根据离子液体的氢键酸性和氢键碱性等参数预测离子液体吸水性的方法.随后,讨论了用二维相关光谱技术研究离子液体的吸湿过程的进展,认为该过程可以分成几个阶段,分别受不同的分子间作用力控制.根据相律,憎水性离子液体的水溶液可以用来调节相对湿度,而且鉴于醋酸根离子液体具有强的吸水性,一定条件下可以作为吸水剂来使用.

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[86]  51 Tian S D, Hou Y C, Wu W Z et al. Hydrophobic task-specific ionic liquids: Synthesis, properties and application for the capture of SO2. J Hazard Mater, 2014, 278: 409-416 ?

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