93 Ling Q, Song Y, Ding S J, et al. Non-volatile polymer memory device based on a novel copolymer of N-vinylcarbazole and Eu-complexed vinylbenzoate. Adv Mater, 2005, 17: 455-459
[2]
94 Lim S L, Ling, Teo E Y H, et al. Conformation-induced electrical bistability in non-conjugated polymers with pendant carbazole moieties. Chem Mater, 2007, 19: 5148-5157
[3]
95 You Y T, Wang M L, Xuxie H N, et al. Conductance-dependent negative differential resistance in organic memory devices. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 97: 233301
[4]
96 Xie L H, Ling Q D, Hou X Y, et al. An effective friedel-crafts postfunctionalization of poly(N-vinylcarbazole) to tune carrier transportation of supramolecular organic semiconductors based on π-stacked polymers for nonvolatile flash memory cell. J Am Chem Soc, 2008, 130: 2120-2121
[5]
97 Yi M, Zhao L, Fan Q, et al. Electrical characteristics and carrier transport mechanisms of write-once-read-many-times memory elements based on graphene oxide diodes. J Appl Phys, 2011, 110: 063709
[6]
98 Sivaramakrishnan S, Chia P J, Yeo Y C, et al. Controlled insulator-to-metal transformation in printable polymer composites with nanometal clusters. Nat Mater, 2007, 6: 149-155
[7]
99 Choi B J, Jeong D S, Kim S K, et al. Resistive switching mechanism of TiO2 thin films grown by atomic-layer deposition. J Appl Phys, 2005, 98: 033715
[8]
100 Kwan W L, Lei B, Shao Y, et al. Direct observation of localized conduction pathways in photocross-linkable polymer memory. J Appl Phys , 2009, 105: 124516–124521
[9]
101 Huang H H, Shih W C, Lai C H. Nonpolar resistive switching in the Pt/MgO/Pt nonvolatile memory device. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 96: 193505
[10]
102 Jakobsson F L E, Crispin X, C？lle M, et al. On the switching mechanism in Rose Bengal-based memory devices. Org Electron, 2007, 8: 559-565
[11]
103 C？lle M, Büchel M, de Leeuw D M. Switching and filamentary conduction in non-volatile organic memories. Org Electron, 2006, 7: 305-312
[12]
104 Lin H T, Lin C Y, Pei Z, et al. Investigating carrier transport paths in organic nonvolatile bistable memory by optical beam induced resistance change. Org Electron, 2011, 12: 1632-1637
[13]
105 Potember R S, Poehler T O, Cowan D O. Electrical switching and memory phenomena in Cu-TCNQ thin films. Appl Phys Lett, 1979, 34: 405-407
[14]
106 Oyamada T, Tanaka H, Matsushige K, et al. Switching effect in Cu:TCNQ charge transfer-complex thin films by vacuum codeposition. Appl Phys Lett, 2003, 83: 1252-1254
[15]
107 Simmons J G, Verderber R R. New conduction and reversible memory phenomena in thin insulating films. Proc Roy Soc A, 1967, 301: 77-102
[16]
108 Lin H T, Pei Z, Chan Y J. Carrier transport mechanism in a nanoparticle-incorporated organic Bistable memory device. IEEE Electron Device Lett, 2007, 28: 569-571
[17]
1 Liu X, Liu Y, Chen W, et al. Ferroelectric memory based on nanostructures. Nanoscale Res Lett, 2012, 7: 285
[18]
2 Jung J H, Jin J Y, Lee I, et al. Memory effect of ZnO nanocrystals embedded in an insulating polyimide layer. Appl Phys Lett, 2006, 88: 112107
[19]
3 Ling Q D, Liaw D J, Zhu C, et al. Polymer electronic memories: Materials, devices and mechanisms. Prog Polym Sci, 2008, 33: 917-978
[20]
4 Wu C, Li F, Guo T. Efficient tristable resistive memory based on single layer graphene/insulating polymer multi-stacking layer. Appl Phys Lett, 2014, 104: 183105
[21]
5 Mamo M A, Machado W S, van Otterlo W A L, et al. Simple write-once-read-many-times memory device based on a carbon sphere-poly(vinylphenol) composite. Org Electron, 2010, 11: 1858-1863
7 Son D I, Park D H, Choi W K, et al. Carrier transport in flexible organic bistable devices of ZnO nanoparticles embedded in an insulating poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer layer. Nanotechnology, 2009, 20: 195203
[24]
8 Kondo T, Lee S M, Malicki M, et al. A nonvolatile organic memory device using ITO surfaces modified by Ag-nanodots. Adv Funct Mater, 2008, 18: 1112-1118
[25]
9 Laiho A, Majumdar H S, Baral J K, et al. Tuning the electrical switching of polymer/fullerene nanocomposite thin film devices by control of morphology. Appl Phys Lett, 2008, 93: 203309
[26]
10 Kim T W, Yang Y, Li F, et al. Electrical memory devices based on inorganic/organic nanocomposites. NPG Asia Mater, 2012, 4: e18
[27]
11 Chu C W, Ouyang J, Tseng J H, et al. Organic donor-acceptor system exhibiting electrical bistability for use in memory devices. Adv Mater, 2005, 17: 1440-1443
[28]
12 Xu X, Register R A, Forrest S R. Mechanisms for current-induced conductivity changes in a conducting polymer. Appl Phys Lett, 2006, 89: 142109
[29]
13 Lee H J, Lee J, Park S M. Electrochemistry of conductive polymers. 45. nanoscale conductivity of PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS composite films studied by current-sensing AFM. J Phys Chem B, 2010, 114: 2660-2666
[30]
14 Bo J, Wu Z X, Dong H, et al. A tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum-based organic bistable device using ITO surfaces modified by Ag nanoparticles. J Phys D Appl Phys, 2013, 46: 445107
[31]
15 Ouisse T, Stéphan O. Electrical bistability of polyfluorene devices. Org Electron, 2004, 5: 251-256
[32]
16 Park J G, Nam W S, Seo S H, et al. Multilevel nonvolatile small-molecule memory cell embedded with Ni nanocrystals surrounded by a NiO tunneling barrier. Nano Lett, 2009, 9: 1713-1719
[33]
17 Cho B, Kim T W, Choe M, et al. Unipolar nonvolatile memory devices with composites of poly(9-vinylcarbazole) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. Org Electron, 2009, 10: 473-477
[34]
18 Song S, Cho B, Kim T W, et al. Three-dimensional integration of organic resistive memory devices. Adv Mater, 2010, 22: 5048-5052
[35]
19 Ji Y, Zeigler D F, Lee D S, et al. Flexible and twistable non-volatile memory cell array with all-organic one diode-one resistor architecture. Nat Commun, 2013, 4: 2707
[36]
20 Cho B, Kim T W, Song S, et al. Rewritable switching of One diode-one resistor nonvolatile organic memory devices. Adv Mater, 2010, 22: 1228-1232
[37]
21 Paul S, Kanwal A, Chhowalla M. Memory effect in thin films of insulating polymer and C60 nanocomposites. Nanotechnology, 2006, 17: 145
[38]
22 Majumdar H S, Baral J K, ？sterbacka R, et al. Fullerene-based bistable devices and associated negative differential resistance effect. Org Electron, 2005, 6: 188-192
[39]
23 Prakash A, Ouyang J, Lin J L, et al. Polymer memory device based on conjugated polymer and gold nanoparticles. J Appl Phys, 2006, 100: 054309
[40]
24 Ma L P, Liu J, Yang Y. Organic electrical bistable devices and rewritable memory cells. Appl Phys Lett, 2002, 80: 2997-2999
[41]
25 Yook K S, Jeon S O, Joo C W, et al. Organic bistable memory device using MoO3 nanocrystal as a charge trapping center. Org Electron, 2009, 10: 48-52
[42]
26 Forrest S R. The path to ubiquitous and low-cost organic electronic appliances on plastic. Nature, 2004, 428: 911-918
[43]
27 Fang C, Qi X Y, Fan Q L, et al. A facile route to semiconductor nanocrystal-semiconducting polymer complex using amine-functionalized rod-coil triblock copolymer as multidentate ligand. Nanotechnology, 2007, 18: 035704
[44]
28 Sun H, Zhang J, Zhang H, et al. Pure white-light emission of nanocrystal-polymer composites. Chem Phys Chem, 2006, 7: 2492-2496
[45]
29 Qi X Y, Pu K Y, Fang C, et al. Semiconductor nanocomposites of emissive flexible random copolymers and CdTe nanocrystals: Preparation, characterization, and optoelectronic properties. Macromol Chem Phys, 2007, 208: 2007-2017
[46]
30 Sun H, Zhang J, Zhang H, et al. Preparation of carbazole-containing amphiphilic copolymers: An efficient method for the incorporation of functional nanocrystals. Macromol Mater Eng, 2006, 291: 929-936
[47]
31 Jung S M, Kim H J, Kim B J, et al. Electrical charging of Au nanoparticles embedded by streptavidin-biotin biomolecular binding in organic memory device. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 97: 153302
[48]
32 Oh S, Kim M, Kim Y, et al. Organic memory device with self-assembly monolayered aptamer conjugated nanoparticles. Appl Phys Lett, 2013, 103: 083702
[49]
33 Cui P, Seo S, Lee J, et al. Nonvolatile memory device using gold nanoparticles covalently bound to reduced graphene oxide. ACS Nano, 2011, 5: 6826-6833
[50]
34 Wang H P, Pigeon S, Izquierdo R, et al. Electrical bistability by self-assembled gold nanoparticles in organic diodes. Appl Phys Lett, 2006, 89: 183502
[51]
35 Tseng R J, Baker C O, Shedd B, et al. Charge transfer effect in the polyaniline-gold nanoparticle memory system. Appl Phys Lett, 2007, 90: 053101
[52]
36 Leong W L, Lee P S, Lohani A, et al. Non-volatile organic memory applications enabled by in situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles in a self-assembled block copolymer. Adv Mater, 2008, 20: 2325-2331
[53]
37 Ouyang J, Chu C W, Szmanda C R, et al. Programmable polymer thin film and non-volatile memory device. Nature Mater, 2004, 3: 918-922
[54]
38 Ouyang J. Temperature-sensitive asymmetrical bipolar resistive switches of polymer:nanoparticle memory devices. Org Electron, 2014, 15: 1913-1922
[55]
39 Song Y, Ling Q D, Lim S L, et al. Electrically bistable thin-film device based on PVK and GNPs polymer material. IEEE Electron Device Lett, 2007, 28: 107-110
[56]
40 Kiesow A, Morris J E, Radehaus C, et al. Switching behavior of plasma polymer films containing silver nanoparticles. J Appl Phys, 2003, 94: 6988-6990
[57]
41 Reddy V S, Karak S, Ray S K, et al. Carrier transport mechanism in aluminum nanoparticle embedded AlQ3 structures for organic bistable memory devices. Org Electron, 2009, 10: 138-144
[58]
42 Tseng R J, Tsai C, Ma L, et al. Digital memory device based on tobacco mosaic virus conjugated with nanoparticles. Nat Nano, 2006, 1: 72-77
[59]
43 Narendar G, Suvra P M, Arun K S, et al. Transparent and flexible resistive switching memory devices with a very high ON/OFF ratio using gold nanoparticles embedded in a silk protein matrix. Nanotechnology, 2013, 24: 345202
[60]
44 Lee J, Kim H Y, Zhou H, et al. Green synthesis of phytochemical-stabilized Au nanoparticles under ambient conditions and their biocompatibility and antioxidative activity. J Mater Chem, 2011, 21: 13316-13326
[61]
45 Naz S, Islam N, Shah M, et al. Enhanced biocidal activity of Au nanoparticles synthesized in one pot using 2, 4-dihydroxybenzene carbodithioic acid as a reducing and stabilizing agent. J Nanobiotechnol, 2013, 11: 1-9
[62]
46 Lai P Y, Chen J S. Electrical bistability and charge transport behavior in Au nanoparticle/poly(N-vinylcarbazole) hybrid memory devices. Appl Phys Lett, 2008, 93: 153305
[63]
47 Bozano L D, Kean B W, Beinhoff M, et al. Organic materials and thin-film structures for cross-point memory cells based on trapping in metallic nanoparticles. Adv Funct Mater, 2005, 15: 1933-1939
[64]
48 Liu Z, Lee C, Narayanan V, et al. Metal nanocrystal memories-part II: electrical characteristics. IEEE T Eletron Dev, 2002, 49: 1614-1622
[65]
49 Soong Sin J, Jungkil K, Soo Seok K, et al. Graphene-quantum-dot nonvolatile charge-trap flash memories. Nanotechnology, 2014, 25: 255203
[66]
50 Yun D Y, Kwak J K, Jung J H, et al. Electrical bistabilities and carrier transport mechanisms of write-once-read-many-times memory devices fabricated utilizing ZnO nanoparticles embedded in a polystyrene layer. Appl Phys Lett, 2009, 95: 143301
[67]
51 Son D I, You C H, Kim W T, et al. Electrical bistabilities and memory mechanisms of organic bistable devices based on colloidal ZnO quantum dot-polymethylmethacrylate polymer nanocomposites. Appl Phys Lett, 2009, 94: 132103
[68]
52 Son D I, Kim J H, Park D H, et al. Nonvolatile flexible organic bistable devices fabricated utilizing CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles embedded in a conducting poly N-vinylcarbazole polymer layer. Nanotechnology, 2008, 19: 055204
[69]
53 Chen A. Switching control of resistive switching devices. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 97: 263505
[70]
54 Jun J, Cho K, Yun J, et al. Switching memory cells constructed on plastic substrates with silver selenide nanoparticles. J Mater Sci, 2011, 46: 6767-6771
[71]
55 Xia X H, Liu X M, Yi M D, et al. Enhancing nonvolatile write-once-read-many-times memory effects with SiO2 nanoparticles sandwiched by poly( N-vinylcarbazole) layers. J Phys D Appl Phys, 2012, 45: 215101
[72]
56 Meyer J, Khalandovsky R, G？rrn P, et al. MoO3 films spin-coated from a nanoparticle suspension for efficient hole-injection in organic electron. Adv Mater, 2011, 23: 70-73
[73]
57 Li F, Son D I, Seo S M, et al. Organic bistable devices based on core/shell CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles embedded in a conducting poly(N-vinylcarbazole) polymer layer. Appl Phys Lett, 2007, 91: 122111
[74]
58 Yun D Y, Jung J H, Lee D U, et al. Effects of CdSe shell layer on the electrical properties of nonvolatile memory devices fabricated utilizing core-shell CdTe-CdSe nanoparticles embedded in a poly(9-vinylcarbazole) layer. Appl Phys Lett, 2010, 96: 123302
[75]
59 Lin C W, Pan T S, Chen M C, et al. Organic bistable memory based on Au nanoparticle/ZnO nanorods composite embedded in poly (vinylpyrrolidone) layer. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 99: 023303
[76]
60 Hong J Y, Jeon S O, Jang J, et al. A facile route for the preparation of organic bistable memory devices based on size-controlled conducting polypyrrole nanoparticles. Org Electron, 2013, 14: 979-983
[77]
61 Salaoru I, Paul S. Memory devices based on small organic molecules donor-acceptor system. Thin Solid Films, 2010, 519: 559-562
[78]
62 Yang Y, Ouyang J, Ma L, et al. Electrical switching and bistability in organic/polymeric thin Films and memory devices. Adv Funct Mater, 2006, 16: 1001-1014
[79]
63 Paul S. Realization of nonvolatile memory devices using small organic molecules and polymer. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol, 2007, 6: 191-195
[80]
64 Lee M H, Jung J H, Shim J H, et al. Electrical bistabilities and stabilities of organic bistable devices fabricated utilizing [6,-phenyl-C85 butyric acid methyl ester blended into a polymethyl methacrylate layer. Org Electron, 2011, 12: 1341-1345
[81]
65 Song S, Jang J, Ji Y, et al. Twistable nonvolatile organic resistive memory devices. Org Electron, 2013, 14: 2087-2092
[82]
66 Liu G, Ling Q D, Teo E Y H, et al. Electrical conductance tuning and bistable switching in poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-carbon nanotube composite films. ACS Nano, 2009, 3: 1929-1937
[83]
67 Bera S, Mondal S P, Naskar D, et al. Flexible and transparent nanocrystal floating gate memory devices using silk protein. Org Electron, 2014, 15: 1767-1772
[84]
68 Zhang Q, Pan J, Yi X, et al. Nonvolatile memory devices based on electrical conductance tuning in poly (N-vinylcarbazole)-graphene composites. Org Electron, 2012, 13: 1289-1295
[85]
69 Liu G, Zhuang X, Chen Y, et al. Bistable electrical switching and electronic memory effect in a solution-processable graphene oxide-donor polymer complex. Appl Phys Lett, 2009, 95: 253301
[86]
70 Son D I, Kim T W, Shim J H, et al. Flexible organic bistable devices based on graphene embedded in an insulating poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer layer. Nano Lett, 2010, 10: 2441-2447
[87]
71 Kou L, Li F, Chen W, et al. Synthesis of blue light-emitting graphene quantum dots and their application in flexible nonvolatile memory. Org Electron, 2013, 14: 1447-1451
[88]
72 Yang R, Zhu C, Meng J, et al. Isolated nanographene crystals for nano-floating gate in charge trapping memory. Sci Rep, 2013, 3: 2126
[89]
73 Tseng R J, Huang J, Ouyang J, et al. Polyaniline nanofiber/gold nanoparticle nonvolatile memory. Nano Lett, 2005, 5: 1077-1080
[90]
74 Reddy V S, Karak S, Dhar A. Multilevel conductance switching in organic memory devices based on AlQ3 and Al/Al2O3 core-shell nanoparticles. Appl Phys Lett, 2009, 94: 173304
[91]
75 Son D I, Park D H, Kim J B, et al. Bistable organic memory device with gold nanoparticles embedded in a conducting poly(N-vinylcarbazole) colloids hybrid. J Phys Chem C, 2010, 115: 2341-2348
[92]
76 Onlaor K, Thiwawong T, Tunhoo B. Electrical switching and conduction mechanisms of nonvolatile write-once-read-many-times memory devices with ZnO nanoparticles embedded in polyvinylpyrrolidone. Org Electron, 2014, 15: 1254-1262
[93]
77 Lin H T, Pei Z W, Chen J R, et al. A new nonvolatile bistable polymer-nanoparticle memory device. IEEE Electron Device Lett, 2007, 28: 951-953
[94]
78 Ouyang J, Chu C W, Sieves D, et al. Electric-field-induced charge transfer between gold nanoparticle and capping 2-naphthalenethiol and organic memory cells. Appl Phys Lett, 2005, 86: 123507
[95]
79 Ouyang J, Chu C W, Tseng R J H, et al. Organic Memory Device Fabricated Through Solution Processing. P IEEE, 2005, 93: 1287-1296
[96]
80 Ouyang J. Polymer:nanoparticle memory devices with electrode-sensitive bipolar resistive switches by exploring the electrical contact between a bulk metal and metal nanoparticles. Org Electron, 2013, 14: 665-675
[97]
81 Ouyang J. Materials effects on the electrode-sensitive bipolar resistive switches of polymer:gold nanoparticle memory devices. Org Electron, 2013, 14: 1458-1466
[98]
82 Kanwal A, Chhowalla M. Stable, three layered organic memory devices from C60 molecules and insulating polymers. Appl Phys Lett, 2006, 89: 203103
[99]
83 Wu C, Li F, Zhang Y, et al. Highly reproducible memory effect of organic multilevel resistive-switch device utilizing graphene oxide sheets/polyimide hybrid nanocomposite. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 99: 042108
[100]
84 Yang Y, Ma L, Wu J. Organic thin-film memory. MRS Bull, 2004, 29: 833-837
[101]
85 Portney N G, Martinez-Morales A A, Ozkan M. Nanoscale memory characterization of virus-templated semiconducting quantum dots. ACS Nano, 2008, 2: 191-196
[102]
86 Hung Y C, Hsu W T, Lin T Y, et al. Photoinduced write-once read-many-times memory device based on DNA biopolymer nanocomposite. Appl Phys Lett, 2011, 99: 253301
[103]
87 Ko Y, Kim Y, Baek H, et al. Electrically bistable properties of layer-by-layer assembled multilayers based on protein nanoparticles. ACS Nano, 2011, 5: 9918-9926
[104]
88 Hota M K, Bera M K, Kundu B, et al. A natural silk fibroin protein-based transparent bio-memristor. Adv Funct Mater, 2012, 22: 4493-4499
[105]
89 Jubong P, Minseok J, Joonmyoung L, et al. Improved switching uniformity and speed in filament-type RRAM using lightning pod effect. IEEE Electron Device Lett, 2011, 32: 63-65
[106]
90 Kwon D H, Kim K M, Jang J H, et al. Atomic structure of conducting nanofilaments in TiO2 resistive switching memory. Nat Nano, 2010, 5: 148-153
[107]
91 Liu S J, Lin Z H, Zhao Q, et al. Flash-memory effect for polyfluorenes with on-chain iridium(III) complexes. Adv Funct Mater, 2011, 21: 979-985
[108]
92 Majee S K, Majumdar H S, Bolognesi A, et al. Electrical bistability and memory applications of poly(p-phenylenevinylene) films. Synth Met, 2006, 156: 828-832
