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中国沙漠  2015 

沙尘对兰州市大气环境质量的影响

DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00106

Keywords: 大气环境,空气污染,沙尘暴,PM10,兰州

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Abstract:

利用1951-2010年甘肃省气象局地面观测站沙尘气象资料和2006-2010年兰州环保局PM10、SO2、NO2质量浓度资料,分析了兰州市沙尘天气时间变化特征及其对SO2、NO2、PM10等大气污染物浓度的影响。结果表明:近60年来兰州市沙尘天气总体上呈现振荡性减少的趋势,沙尘暴、扬沙和浮尘年变化倾向率分别为-0.15d、-0.72d和-0.97d,这与上游沙尘源区沙尘天气振荡性减少有关。沙尘对兰州地区SO2和NO2质量浓度影响不大,对PM2.5质量浓度和PM1.0数浓度的变化有一定的贡献,但对PM10质量浓度影响非常大,沙尘对春季PM10质量浓度的贡献率在18.4%~43.1%。对2007年5月10日一次强沙尘天气过程研究发现,随着沙尘天气的侵入,兰州市不同粒径气溶胶的浓度陡然上升,然后达到较高的浓度水平,之后由于沙尘天气的减弱、消退或离境,不同粒径气溶胶浓度也逐渐降低并缓慢恢复到正常水平。

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