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辽西‘富士’苹果CND法营养诊断研究

DOI: 10.11674/zwyf.2015.0224, PP. 485-491

Keywords: CND,‘富士’苹果,标准参比值,营养诊断,营养状况

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Abstract:

【目的】辽西地区‘富士’苹果的栽培面积和产量占辽宁省较大比例,但其施肥管理缺乏科学理论依据,本研究采用CompositionalNutrientDiagnosis(CND)法对辽西‘富士’果园的营养状况开展叶片分析研究,初步探明辽西地区‘富士’果园营养状况,指导果园施肥管理。【方法】以86个有代表性的‘富士’苹果园为研究试材,测定了果园产量,果实品质以及叶片中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)元素的含量。采用CND法对高生产水平果园进行划分,并对低产水平果园进行营养诊断。采用CND法对高产果园产量划分标准临界值进行确定;对果实品质的划分标准进行确定:第一,对果实品质的6个指标进行归一化;第二,对6个指标进行主成分分析,得到6个指标的综合评价得分;第三,采用CND法对果实品质综合得分进行划分,得到果实品质的划分标准临界值;选择同时满足产量和品质划分标准临界值的果园,结合专家咨询法,确定高生产水平果园的划分标准。根据高生产水平果园的营养状况确定CND法标准参比值,并以此为基础进行叶营养诊断,得到辽西‘富士’果园的叶营养状况。针对叶营养状况进行土壤营养丰缺状况的分析,得到辽西‘富士’果园的营养状况的整体情况。【结果】根据CND法的叶分析可以得到:高生产水平果园的产量划分临界值为44.556t/hm2,品质评价综合得分的划分临界值为0.792,辽西地区满足此条件的果园有13个,占总体采样园的15.12%;不同营养元素CND法叶标准参比值为:V*N=2.776,V*P=0.212,V*K=1.884,V*Ca=2.042,V*Mg=0.814,V*Fe=-2.470,V*Cu=-5.090,V*Mn=-2.631,V*Zn=-3.867,V*R=6.330;SD*N=0.173,SD*P=0.144,SD*K=0.155,SD*Ca=0.266,SD*Mg=0.307,SD*Fe=0.189,SD*Cu=0.474,SD*Mn=0.467,SD*Zn=0.325,SD*R=0.134;辽西‘富士’苹果低生产水平果园需肥顺序为:Fe>Mn>P>N>Ca>K>Cu>Zn>Mg。【结论】CND法使叶分析研究可同时考虑果园产量和果实品质。以此方法进行分析,辽西地区高生产水平果园的产量划分临界值为38.451t/hm2,品质评价综合得分的划分临界值为0.792,辽西地区满足此条件的果园有13个,仅占总体采样园的15.12%;辽西地区‘富士’苹果的树体营养状况表现为Fe、Mn、P和N元素缺乏;土壤丰缺状况表现为Fe、Mn元素含量适宜,N、P元素缺乏;建议辽西‘富士’低生产水平果园的N、P、K施用采用少量多次原则,适当增加Fe、Mn元素叶面肥的施用。

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