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北京市六环内绿色空间滞蓄雨水径流功能的变化评估

DOI: 10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.09.004, PP. 1461-1471

Keywords: 城市内涝,绿色空间,雨水径流,景观格局,北京市

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Abstract:

?面对日益频发的城市内涝问题,科学认识绿色空间控制雨水径流的作用具有重要意义。论文以北京市六环内区域为研究区,评估了2000—2010年绿色空间滞蓄雨水径流的功能及其变化。结果表明:2000—2010年北京城市绿色空间减少198.49km2,主要表现为农田和荒草地面积减小,五到六环内绿色空间缩减最为严重,且最大斑块指数(LPI)和聚集度指数(AI)均减小,景观破碎化趋势明显。绿色空间夏季滞蓄雨水径流量由2000年的1.32×108m3增加到2010年的1.46×108m3,但雨水滞蓄率相应地由23.43%下降到16.89%,这与绿色空间面积减小和景观格局变化有关。此外,五到六环内绿色空间滞蓄雨水径流能力最高,滞蓄率高达22%~32%,且逐年呈降低趋势;二到三环内绿色空间滞蓄雨水能力最低,需要重点加强暴雨内涝防治。这主要与不同环路内绿色空间的面积和斑块连通性有关。因此,建议优化调整北京市六环内绿色空间的组成结构和景观格局,充分发挥其滞蓄雨水径流功能,以降低城市内涝风险。

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