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环境规制促进产业升级了吗?——基于产业技术复杂度的视角

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Keywords: 环境规制,生产技术进步,产业技术复杂度,产业升级

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Abstract:

?中国经济30多年高速增长的背后是生态环境的沉重代价,而健全的环境规制体制是协调经济与环境矛盾的重要举措。在已有的文献中,多数学者以验证“波特假说”为出发点,对环境规制与企业技术创新之间的关系进行了研究,而直接着眼于环境规制影响产业升级的文献甚少。那么,环境规制与产业升级之间能实现双赢吗?从产业技术复杂度的视角出发,通过构建双重差分模型分析环境规制对产业升级的影响,就会发现:(1)当产业发展到一定阶段,适度的环境规制会促进产业升级;虽然中国的环境规制已经对产业升级起到了明显的促进作用,但是环境规制强度与产业技术复杂度交互项系数值较小,说明环境规制促进产业升级的效果还有待提高;(2)就区域差异而言,东部地区环境规制对产业升级的促进作用明显强于中西部地区,这说明东部地区产业发展层次高于中西部地区,环境规制体系也更加健全;(3)不同的环境规制类型对产业升级的作用效果存在较大差异,市场化规制工具相比行政化规制工具能够更大程度地推动产业升级,市场化程度较高的沿海省份更加倾向于使用市场化环境规制工具;(4)产业升级同样也受到外部因素的影响,人力资本丰裕、金融市场发达都将对产业升级起到积极的促进作用,但产业升级对于传统资源、市场接近度的依赖性正在逐渐减弱。对中国而言,上述实证研究结果的政策含义主要有三点:第一,应健全环境规制体系,适度提高环境规制强度,并针对地区及行业实际制定动态的环境规制标准;第二,应注重优化环境规制的调节手段,更多地选择市场化规制工具;第三,应充分发挥人力资本、金融资本等在推动产业升级中的重要作用。

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