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OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
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HZSM-22和SAPO-11催化甲醇转化制烯烃(MTH)反应:酸强度对反应和失活机理的影响
DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(15)60953-6, PP. 1392-1402
王金棒, 李金哲, 徐舒涛, 郅玉春, 魏迎旭, 何艳丽, 陈景润, 张默之, 王全义, 张雯娜, 武新强, 郭新闻, 刘中民
Keywords: HZSM-22,SAPO-11,甲醇制烯烃,酸强度,机理
Abstract:
？从煤、生物质或天然气出发经甲醇制烯烃正在成为最重要的非石油路线低碳烯烃和液态燃料的生产途径.基于SAPO-34和HZSM-5催化剂,甲醇制低碳烯烃(MTO),甲醇制丙烯(MTP)和甲醇制汽油(MTG)已经实现了工业化.与此同时,甲醇制烯烃反应机理也一直是学术界和工业界研究的焦点,然而由于甲醇转化机理十分复杂,且往往受多种因素的影响,使得机理研究工作至今未给出明确详尽的结论.据文献报道,在具有较大笼或交叉孔道结构的SAPO-34,SSZ-13和Hβ催化剂上,甲醇转化主要是通过烃池机理进行.烃池物种包括多甲苯及其对应的质子化产物.随着HZSM-5上甲醇转化双循环机理的提出,近期人们开始关注一维孔道分子筛上的甲醇转化反应,试图通过抑制芳烃循环使得甲醇转化主要通过烯烃甲基化裂解机理进行,发现在具有一维十元环孔道结构的HZSM-22分子筛上甲醇转化能够达到这一效果,产物主要以C3+烯烃为主，乙烯的生成较少.该催化体系的发现对于甲醇制丙烯过程的开发具有重要的意义,然而除了分子筛的拓扑结构,催化剂的酸强度对甲醇转化也具有重要的影响，值得深入研究.为此,本文采用同位素切换/共进料实验,色质谱(GC-MS),热分析(TGA)以及原位红外实验(insituFTIR)等技术系统研究两种一维十元环结构分子筛HZSM-22和SAPO-11酸强度对于甲醇转化和催化剂失活机理的影响,为开发新型催化剂和优化反应条件以调节产物选择性提供理论指导.12C/13C-甲醇切换实验表明,HZSM-22和SAPO-11催化的甲醇转化机理主要是烯烃循环,然而由于酸强度的差异导致两种分子筛上甲基化反应和裂解反应对烯烃最终产物分布贡献不同.对于HZSM-22分子筛,催化活性较高，当反应温度低于400℃时,产物以C5+高碳烃为主,随着反应温度的升高,产物以C2-C4低碳烃为主,且乙烯的增长速率高于丙烯;对于SAPO-11分子筛,催化活性较低，无论反应温度高或低,甲醇转化产物均以C5+高碳烃为主.以上结果表明,催化剂的活性与酸强度相关，且随着反应温度的升高,在酸性较强的HZSM-22分子筛上高碳烃的裂解活性要远高于酸性较弱的SAPO-11分子筛.该推论得到13C-甲醇和12C-1-丁烯共进料实验数据的支持.失活催化剂的GC-MS和TG结果显示,催化剂的失活与酸强度和反应温度密切相关:对于HZSM-22分子筛,较低温度下(<450℃)催化剂的失活源于稠环化合物的生成和积累,高温下(>450℃)的失活是源于分子筛表面石墨碳的沉积;对于SAPO-11分子筛,低温下(<400℃)的失活源于稠环芳烃的生成和积累,高温下(>400℃)的失活是源于分子筛表面石墨碳的沉积.此外,由于酸强度的差异,与SAPO-11相比,低温下积碳物种更倾向于在HZSM-22分子筛孔口快速形成.这也是HZSM-22分子筛在低温下快速失活的原因.为了进一步证明该结论,本文采用原位红外装置对HZSM-22催化甲醇转化过程中的Br？nsted酸和芳烃物种进行了连续监测.结果显示,在最初的15min内归属为Br？nsted酸的峰(3585cm-1)有明显的下降,但随着反应时间的延长,Br？nsted酸的量不再发生变化;与此同时,归属为芳烃物种的峰(3136cm-1)增加到一定程度后随着反应时间的延长也几乎不再增加.这进一步说明了低温下HZSM-22分子筛的失活是由非活性芳烃积碳物种堵塞孔口造成的.
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