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碎屑流冲击挡墙的土拱效应研究

DOI: 10.13577/j.jnd.2015.0511, PP. 92-102

Keywords: 碎屑流,土拱效应,冲击力,PFC模拟

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Abstract:

为揭示干碎屑流冲击挡墙过程中碎屑颗粒在底板、底板与挡墙之间的土拱效应,探讨了土拱效应的形成机理、冲击力拱的形成特征以及对冲击力分布变化的影响,为碎屑流的工程防护提供理论支持。利用PFC模拟方法和模型试验的数据资料,进行了不同底板坡度下干碎屑流冲击挡墙的数值模拟分析。发现碎屑流运动中摩擦作用和碰撞机制导致的底板的颗粒之间、垂直底板方向上不同高度颗粒之间的速度差异是土拱效应的形成机理;碎屑流颗粒之间以及颗粒与底板间的摩擦作用引起的冲击力迹线的偏转较小,形成小冲击力拱;颗粒的冲击力迹线在碎屑流受挡墙的阻止时产生较大的偏转叠加,在底板与挡墙间形成大冲击拱。研究结果表明:碎屑流的运动机理产生土拱效应,土拱效应的特征不仅影响了碎屑流冲击力的分布变化,还导致了冲击力随挡墙高度的非线性分布。

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