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青藏高原第四纪冰川作用及其气候响应的讨论

DOI: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2015.01.02, PP. 12-28

Keywords: 青藏高原,第四纪冰川,冰期成因,冰川波动,气候响应

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Abstract:

关于青藏高原和周边山地第四纪冰川作用及其气候响应存在不同观点。一些学者认为老冰期主要发生在氧同位素奇数阶段;MIS3和早全新世存在规模较大的冰川前进;南亚季风对青藏高原冰川作用起主导作用(水汽驱动)。另一些学者则认为青藏高原冰川作用主要对应于氧同位素偶数阶段;冰川发育是构造隆升-冰期气候耦合的产物(低温驱动)。本文基于现有的陆地生成宇宙核素(TCN)和光释光(OSL)等年代结果总结了不同时间尺度和不同类型冰川波动与气候变化历史的对比,并对几个关键的争议问题做了讨论。结果表明,在不同类型冰川区和不同时间尺度下,冰川作用在湿润期和低温期都有可能发生,但总体上主要与低温相对应。青藏高原冰川对气温的响应似乎更为敏感。MIS3冰进规模较大可能是降水较多结合冷期(或冷事件)降温所致,显示了印度季风降水和气温波动对高原冰川的共同作用。早全新世冰进也与印度季风和北半球冷事件关系密切。目前的测年数据还没有推翻"冰期发生在氧同位素偶数阶段"这种传统认识。当前急需更多精确的数字定年工作,以不断更新对青藏高原冰期时代及其气候响应机制的了解。

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