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哀牢山地貌演化过程详析

DOI: 10.11928/j.issn.1001-7410.2015.01.04, PP. 38-47

Keywords: 戴维斯地貌侵蚀循环理论,流域面积-高程积分值,裂点,水系,DEM

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Abstract:

位于青藏高原东南缘红河断裂带西南侧的哀牢山山脉,受高原东南缘倾斜扩散地势的影响,从东北至西南,地形逐渐由高海拔夷平面的幼年期经壮年期进入老年期,是戴维斯地貌演化模型转换体现在延续的空间中难得的实例。本文基于ASTER-GDEM数字高程模型,沿红河断裂带提取了哀牢山的88个流域及宽约10km的条带剖面,通过对流域的面积-高程积分值、高程、起伏、面积、坡度、水系密度以及裂点的分析,验证了从苴力-元江段、元江-茅草坪段到茅草坪-安沛段,流域地形经幼年、壮年到老年期的连续、逐渐的变化过程,展现了戴维斯地貌侵蚀循环理论的具体演化特征。研究提取到的流域裂点呈双层带状分布,不仅揭示了夷平面的出现、延续和消失的过程,也暗示着构造抬升或者气候变化造成两阶段河谷下刻事件的发生。此外,研究结果表明哀牢山流域水系从幼年期、壮年期到老年期,水系密度经历了从低到高再变低的过程,反映了与戴维斯演化过程相对应的水系演化过程的规律。研究扩展了对区域地貌演化过程以及对经典地貌演化理论的认识,同时也为青藏高原东南缘隆升扩展过程的研究提供重要的地貌学依据。

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