In this work, a modification of the sugarcane bagasse is performed, in order to obtain organic catalysts. The bagasse analysis is performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), which indicated that characteristic peaks determined its chemical compounds. In addition, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is used to know the morphology. Finally, a discoloration test is conducted on an azo compound (methylene blue) in an aqueous medium, obtaining an efficiency of 98.6%.
References
[1]
Rutiaga-Quiñones, J.G., Anzaldo-Hernández, J., Vargas-Radillo, J.J. and Sanjuán-Dueñas, R. (2002) Propiedades de resistencia de una pulpa kraft de pino mezclada con médula del bagazo de caña de azúcar. Madera y Bosques, 8, 17.
Matta, J.E. (1991) Papel periódico con bagazo y/o caña. II. Potencionalidad y manejo de las fibras. ATIPCA, 30, 56.
[4]
Aguilar-Rivera, N. (2011) Efecto del almacenamiento de bagazo de caña en las propiedades físicas de celulosa grado papel. Ingeniería, Investigación y Tecnología, 12, 189.
[5]
Sagarpa (2010) Situación actual del azúcar. Mexico, 1-9.
[6]
Conafor (2007-2012) Programa nacional de dendroenergía forestal. Mexico, 1-12.
[7]
Baird, C. (1995) Environmental Chemistry. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
[8]
Kelter, P.B., Grundman, J., Hage, D.S., Carr, J.D. and Castro-Acuña, C.M. (1997) A Discussion of Water Pollution in the United States and Mexico; with High School Laboratory Activities for the Analysis of Lead, Atrazine, and Nitrate. Journal of Chemical Education, 74, 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed074p1413
[9]
Panday, K.K., Prasad, G. and Singh, V.N. (1985) Copper(II) Removal from Aqueous Solutions by Fly Ash. Water Research, 19, 869-873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(85)90145-9
[10]
Al-Haj Ali, A. and El-Bishtawi, R. (1997) Removal of Lead and Nickel Ions Using Zeolite Tuff. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, 69, 27-34.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4660(199705)69:1<27::AID-JCTB682>3.0.CO;2-J
[11]
Acemioglu, B. and Alma, M.H. (2001) Equilibrium Studies on Adsorption of Cu(II) from Aqueous Solution onto Cellulose. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 243, 81-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7873
[12]
Karnitz-Jr., O., Alves-Gurgel, L.V., Perin de Melo, J.C., Botaro, V.R., Sacramento Melo, T.M., Pereira de Freitas Gil, R. and Frédéric Gil, L. (2007) Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ion from Aqueous Single Metal Solution by Chemically Modified Sugarcane Bagasse. BioresourceTechnology, 98, 1291-1297.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.05.013
[13]
Caraschi, J.C., Campana Filho, S.P. and Curvelo, A.A.S. (1996) Carboximetilação de polpas de bagaço de cana de açúcar e caracterização dos materiaisabsorventesobtidos. Polímeros. Ciencia y Tecnología, 3, 24.
[14]
Xiao, B., Sun, X.F. and Sun, R.C. (2001) The Chemical Modification of Lignins with Succinic Anhydride in Aqueous Systems. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 71, 223-231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(00)00133-6
[15]
Navarro, R.R., Sumi, K., Fujii, N. and Matsumura, M. (1996) Mercury Removal from Wastewater Using Porous Cellulose Carrier Modified with Polyethyleneimine. Water Research, 30, 2488-2494.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(96)00143-1
[16]
Sun, J.X., Sun, X.F., Zhao, H. and Sun, R.C. (2004) Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose from Sugarcane Bagasse. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 84, 331-339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2004.02.008
[17]
Gellerstedt, F. and Gatenholm, P. (1999) Surface Properties of Lignocellulosic Fibers Bearing Carboxylic Groups. Cellulose, 6, 103-121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009239225050
[18]
Gurnani, V., Singh, A.K. and Venkataramani, B. (2003) 2,3-Dihydroxypyridine-Loaded Cellulose: A New Macromolecular Chelator for Metal Enrichment Prior to Their Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 377, 1079-1086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-003-2121-9
[19]
Anoop-Krishnan, K. and Anirudhan, T.S. (2002) Removal of Mercury(II) from Aqueous Solutions and Chlor-Alkali Industry Effluent by Steam Activated and Sulphurised Activated Carbons Prepared from Bagasse Pith: Kinetics and Equilibrium Studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 92, 161-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00014-6
[20]
Orlando, U.S., Baes, A.U., Nishijima, W. and Okada, M. (2002) Preparation of Chelating Agents from Sugarcane Bagasse by Microwave Radiation as an Alternative ecologically Benign Procedure. Green Chemistry, 4, 555-557.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b203440a
[21]
Prado-Martínez, M., Anzaldo-Hernández, J., Becerra-Aguilar, B., Palacios-Juárez, H., Vargas-Radillo, J.J. and Rentería-Urquizam, M. (2012) Caracterización de hojas de mazorca de maíz y de bagazo de caña para la elaboración de una pulpa celulósica mixta. Madera y Bosques, 18, 37-51.
[22]
Adamopoulos, S. (2006) Identification of Fibre Components in Packaging Grade Papers. IAWA Journal, 27, 153-172.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22941932-90000145
[23]
Triana, O. (1990) Atlas del bagazo de la caña de azúcar (Editorial Geplacea, Cuba 9). 39-43.
[24]
Alves-Rezende, C., Aparecida de Lima, M., Maziero, P., Ribeiro de Azevedo, E., Garcia, W. and Polikarpov, I. (2011) Chemical and Morphological Characterization of Sugarcane Bagasse Submitted to a Delignification Process for Enhanced Enzymatic Digestibility. Biotechnology for Biofuels, 4, 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-54
[25]
Mothé, C.G. and de Miranda, I.C. (2009) Characterization of Sugarcane and Coconut Fibers by Thermal Analysis and FTIR. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 97, 661-665.
[26]
Salgado-Delgado, R., Coria-Cortés, L., García-Hernández, E., Vargas-Galarza, Z., Rubio-Rosas, E. and Crispín-Espino, I. (2010) Elaboración de materiales reforzados con carácter biodegradable a partir de polietileno de baja densidad y bagazo de caña modificado. Revista Iberoamericana de Polímeros, 11, 520-531.
[27]
Alves Gurgel, L.V., Pereira de Freitas, R. and Frédéric Gil, L. (2008) Adsorption of Cu(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) from Aqueous Single Metal Solutions by Sugarcane Bagasse and Mercerized Sugarcane Bagasse Chemically Modified with Succinic Anhydride. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 922-929. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.05.023
[28]
Yuh-Shan, H., Wen-Ta, C. and Chung-Chi, W. (2005) Regression Analysis for the Sorption Isotherms of Basic Dyes on Sugarcane Dust. Bioresource Technology, 96, 1285-1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.10.021
[29]
López, R., Poblano, V.M., Licea-Claveríe, A., Avalos, M., Alvarez-Castillo, A. and Castaño, V.M. (2000) Alkaline Surface Modification of Sugar Cane Bagasse. Advanced Composite Materials, 9, 99-108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685510051029219
[30]
Schwanninger, M., Rodrigues, J.C., Pereira, H. and Hinterstoisser, B. (2004) Effects of Short-Time Vibratory Ball Milling on the Shape of FT-IR Spectra of Wood and Cellulose. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 36, 23-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vibspec.2004.02.003
[31]
Campos-Medina, E., Gómez-Hinojos, A.M. and Velázquez-Rodríguez, A. (2011) Estudio de la remoción del colorante azul de metileno empleando la biomasa de la Morinda citrocifolia L. Quivera, 13, 52-62.
