The study
of copper adsorption onto ion exchange resins of anionic type is part of the
gold recovery from ammonia-thiosulfate solutions, where copper is the main
impurity of the system because it acts as a catalyst of gold dissolution
reaction. A study is made of the adsorption and desorption of copper in the
form of the ？complex in an
ammonia-thiosulfate media on an ion exchange resin, DOWEX 550A, classified as a
strong base, which in its inner structure has a quaternary amine functional
group. In the studied pH range copper adsorption increased with increasing pH,
while the presence of thiosulfate decreased it, the same as the ammonia
content, due to the greater presence of cuprotetramine, . Elution of the copper
complexes from the resin was more efficient with sulfite than with perchlorate.
References
[1]
Zipperian, D. and Raghavan, S. (1998) Gold and Silver Extraction by Ammoniacal Thiosulfate Leaching from a Rhyolite Ore. Hydrometallurgy, 19, 361-375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-386x(88)90041-2
[2]
Langhans, J.W., Lei, K.P. and Carnahan, T.G. (1992) Copper-Catalyzed Thiosulfate Leaching of Low-Grade Gold Ores. Hydrometallurgy, 29, 191-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-386x(92)90013-p
[3]
Abbruzzese, C., Fornari, P., Massidda, R., Veglio, F. and Ubaldini S. (1995) Thiosulphate Leaching for Gold Hydrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy, 39, 265-276. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-386x(95)00035-f
[4]
Breuer, P.L. and Jeffrey, M.I. (2000) Thiosulfate Leaching Kinetics of Gold in the Presence of Copper and Ammonia. Minerals Engineering, 13, 1071-1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875(00)00091-1
[5]
Aylmore, M.G. and Muir, D.M. (2000) Thiosulfate Leaching of Gold—A Review. Minerals Engineering, 14, 135-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875(00)00172-2
[6]
Jeffrey, M.I. (2001) Kinetics Aspects of Gold and Silver Leaching in Ammonia-Thiosulfate Solutions. Hydrometallurgy, 60, 7-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(00)00151-1
[7]
Schmitz, P.A., Duyvesteyn, S., Johnson, W.P., Enloe, L. and McMullen, J. (2001) Ammoniacal Thiosulfate and Sodium Cyanide Leaching of Preg-Robbing Goldstrike Ore Carbonaceous Matter. Hydrometallurgy, 60, 25-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(00)00154-7
[8]
Navarro, P., Vargas, C., Villarroel, A. and Alguacil, F.J. (2002) On the Use of Ammoniacal/ Ammonium Thiosulphate for Gold Extraction from a Concentrate. Hydrometallurgy, 65, 37-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(02)00062-2
[9]
Molleman, E. and Dreisinger, D. (2002) The Treatment of Copper-Gold Ores by Ammonium Thiosulfate Leaching. Hydrometallurgy, 66, 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(02)00080-4
[10]
Breuer, P.L. and Jeffrey, M.I. (2003) The Reduction of Copper(II) and the Oxidation of Thiosulfate and Oxysulfur Anions in Gold Leaching Solutions. Hydrometallurgy, 70, 163-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-386x(03)00078-1
[11]
Chu, C.K., Breuer, P.L. and Jeffrey, M.I. (2003) The Impact of Thiosulfate Oxidation Products on the Oxidation of Gold in Ammonia Thiosulfate Solutions. Minerals Engineering, 16, 265-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0892-6875(02)00369-2
[12]
Wan, R. and LeVier, K. (2003) Solution Chemistry Factors for Gold Thiosulfate Heap Leaching. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 72, 311-322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-7516(03)00107-8
[13]
Jeffrey, M.I., Breuer, P.L. and Chu, C.K. (2003) The Importance of Controlling Oxygen Addition during the Thiosulfate Leaching of Gold Ores. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 72, 323-330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-7516(03)00108-x
[14]
Muir, D.M. and Aylmore, M.G. (2004) Thiosulphate as an Alternative to Cyanide for Gold Processing—Issues and Impediments. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, 113, 2-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/037195504225004661
[15]
Zhang, X.M., Senanayake, G. and Nicol, M.J. (2004) A Study of the Gold Colloid Dissolution Kinetics in Oxygenated Ammoniacal Thiosulfate Solutions. Hydrometallurgy, 74, 243-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.05.007
[16]
Senanayake, G. (2004) Gold Leaching in Non-Cyanide Lixiviant Systems: Critical Issues on Fundamentals and Applications. Minerals Engineering, 17, 785-801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2004.01.008
[17]
Senanayake, G. (2005) Role of Copper(II), Carbonate and Sulphite in Gold Leaching and Thiosulphate Degradation by Oxygenated Alkaline Non-Ammoniacal Solutions. Minerals Engineering, 18, 409-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2004.08.001
[18]
Senanayake, G. (2005) A Surface Adsorption/Reaction Mechanism for Gold Oxidation by Copper(II) in Ammoniacal Thiosulfate Solutions. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 286, 253-257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2004.12.041
[19]
Feng, D. and van Deventer, J.S. (2006) Ammoniacal Thiosulphate Leaching of Gold in the Presence of Pyrite. Hydrometallurgy, 82, 126-132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.03.006
[20]
Feng, D. and van Deventer, J.S. (2007) Effect of Hematite on Thiosulphate Leaching of Gold. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 82, 138-147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2006.09.003
[21]
Feng, D. and van Deventer, J.S. (2007) The Role of Oxygen in Thiosulphate Leaching of Gold. Hydrometallurgy, 85, 193-202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2006.09.003
[22]
Heath, J.A., Jeffrey, M.I., Zhang, H.G. and Rumball, J.A. (2008) Anaerobic Thiosulfate Leaching: Development of in Situ Gold Leaching Systems. Minerals Engineering, 21, 424-433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2007.12.006
[23]
Jeffrey, M.I., Watling, K., Hope, G.A. and Woods, R. (2008) Identification of Surface Species That Inhibit and Passivate Thiosulfate Leaching of Gold. Minerals Engineering, 21, 443-452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2008.01.006
[24]
Zhao, J., Wu, Z. and Chen, J. (1997) Extraction of Gold from Thiosulfate Solutions with Alkyl Phosphorus Esters. Hydrometallurgy, 46, 363-372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(97)00031-5
[25]
Vargas, C., Cifuentes, G., Navarro, P. and Orrego, P. (2004) Anodic Behavior of Zinc in Thiosulphate Media. Revista de Metalurgia, 40, 101-108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2004.v40.i2.249
[26]
Navarro, P., Alvarez, R., Vargas, C. and Alguacil, F.J. (2004) On the Use of Zinc for Gold Cementation from Ammoniacal-Thiosulphate Solutions. Minerals Engineering, 17, 825-831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2004.02.001
[27]
Kejun, L., Yen, W.T., Shibayama, A., Miyazaki, T. and Fujita, T. (2004) Gold Extraction from Thiosulfate Solution Using Trioctylmethylammonium Chloride. Hydrometallurgy, 73, 41-53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2003.07.007
[28]
Vargas, C., Navarro, P., Araya, E., Pavez, F. and Alguacil, F.J. (2006) Recovery of Gold from Solutions with Ammonia and Thiosulfate Using Activated Carbon. Revista de Metalurgia, 42, 222-233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2006.v42.i3.22
[29]
Navarro, P., Vargas, C., Alonso, M. and Alguacil, F.J. (2006) The Adsorption of Gold on Activated Carbon from Thiosulfate-Ammoniacal Solutions. Gold Bulletin, 39, 93-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF03215535
[30]
Navarro, P., Vargas, C., Alonso, M. and Alguacil, F.J. (2007) Towards a More Environmentally Friendly Process for Gold: Models on Gold Adsorption onto Activated Carbon from Ammoniacal Thiosulfate Solutions. Desalination, 211, 58-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.590
[31]
Nicol, M.J. and O’Malley, G. (2002) Recovering Gold from Thiosulfate Leach Pulps via Ion Exchange. JOM, 54, 44-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02709221
[32]
Navarro, P., Vargas, C., Reveco, V. and Orellana, J. (2006) Recovery of Gold from Ammonia-Thiosulfate Media with Amberlite IRA-410 Ionic Exchange Resin. Revista de Metalurgia, 42, 354-366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2006.v42.i5.33
[33]
Zhang, H. and Dreisinger, D. (2004) The Recovery of Gold from Ammoniacal Thiosulfate Solutions Containing Copper Using Ion Exchange Resin Columns. Hydrometallurgy, 72, 225-234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(03)00183-X
[34]
Zhang, H. and Dreisinger, D. (2002) The Adsorption of Gold and Copper onto Ion-Exchange Resins from Ammoniacal Thiosulfate Solutions. Hydrometallurgy, 66, 67-76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(02)00077-4
[35]
Senanayake, G. (2004) Analysis of Reaction Kinetics, Speciation and Mechanism of Gold Leaching and Thiosulfate Oxidation by Ammoniacal Copper(II) Solutions. Hydrometallurgy, 75, 55-75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2004.06.004
![\"\"](\"Edit_61dd9078-0ebc-4f6e-ba5b-3e8e176fca46.png\")
complex in an
ammonia-thiosulfate media on an ion exchange resin, DOWEX 550A, classified as a
strong base, which in its inner structure has a quaternary amine functional
group. In the studied pH range copper adsorption increased with increasing pH,
while the presence of thiosulfate decreased it, the same as the ammonia
content, due to the greater presence of cuprotetramine, ![\"\"](\"Edit_6cdf907c-46b5-4412-af19-df6abb73e7d4.png\")
. Elution of the copper
complexes from the resin was more efficient with sulfite than with perchlorate.
