This paper proposes the new speed control method of electric vehicles by generating the longitudinal speed pattern for improving the ride comfort against the longitudinal acceleration/deceleration. Since the longitudinal acceleration/deceleration of EVs causes the discomfort of passengers, reducing such bad effect of acceleration/deceleration acting on passengers is very important for not only the ride comfort of passengers but also vehicle running safety. The proposed method is applying the general optimal control theory and it generates the speed pattern for improving the passenger ride quality based on evaluating the variations of acceleration and the jerk which is time derivative of the acceleration. The effectiveness of the present method is demonstrated through numerical experiments compared with some conventional methods.
References
[1]
Brown, S., Pyke, D. and Steenhof, P. (2010) Electric Vehicles: The Role and Importance of Standards in an Emerging Market. Energy Policy, 38, 3797-3806.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.02.059
[2]
Mousazadeh, H., Keyhani, A., Mobli, H., Bardi, U., Lombardi, G. and Asmar, T. (2009) Environmental Assessment of Ramses Multipurpose Electric Vehicle Compared to a Conventional Combustion Engine Vehicle. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17, 781-790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.01.004
[3]
Hirota, T., Ueda, M. and Futami, T. (2011) Activities of Electric Vehicles and Prospect for Future Mobility. Journal of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineering, 50, 165-170.
[4]
Tseng, H., Wu, J. and Liu, X. (2013) Affordability of Electric Vehicle for a Sustainable Transport System: An Economic and Environmental Analysis. Energy Policy, 61, 441-447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2013.06.026
[5]
Janic, M. (2014) Advanced Transport Systems—Analysis, Modeling, and Evaluation of Performances. Springer-Verlag, London.
[6]
Nozaki, H. (2008) Basic Automobile Engineering. Tokyo Denki University Press, Tokyo. (In Japanese)
[7]
Akatsu, Y. (1998) An Evaluation Method of Improving Ride Comfort. The Journal of Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 67, 29-34. (In Japanese)
[8]
Cucuz, S. (1994) Evaluation of Ride Comfort. International Journal of Vehicle Design, 52, 318-325.
[9]
Itagaki, N., Kinoshita, T. and Fukao, T. (2013) Semi-Active Suspension Control for Suppressing the Unsprung Mass Vibration and Improving the Ride Comfort. The Journal of Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 67, 29-34. (In Japanese)
[10]
Guarino, C., Bianco, L., Piazzi, A. and Romano, R. (2004) Velocity Planning for Autonomous Vehicles. Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium 2014, Parma, 14-17 June 2016, 413-418.
[11]
Solea, R. and Nunes, U. (2006) Trajectory Planning with Velocity Planner for Fully-Automated Passenger Vehicles. Proceedings of IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference, Toronto, 17-20 September 2006, 474-480.
https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2006.1706786
[12]
Villagra, J., Milan’es, V., P’erez, J. and Godoy, J. (2012) Smooth Path and Speed planning for an Automated Public Transport Vehicle. Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 60, 252-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2011.11.001
[13]
Lini, G., Piazzi, A. and Consolini, L. (2013) Affordability of Electric Vehicle for a Sustainable Transport System: An Economic and Environmental Analysis. International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems, 11, 805-814.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-011-0065-y
[14]
Nakagawa, C. (2010) Think about the Ride Comfort of the Rapid Transit Railway. Railway Research Review, 5, 19-21. (In Japanese)
[15]
Wang, F., Sagawa, K. and Inooka, N. (2000) A Study of the Relationship between the Longitudinal Acceleration/Deceleration of Automobiles and Ride Comfort. Ergonomics (Japan Ergonomics Society Journal), 36, 191-200. (In Japanese)
https://doi.org/10.5100/jje.36.191
[16]
Wang, F., Sagawa, K., Ishihara, T. and Inooka, N. (2002) An Automobile Driver Assistance System for Improving Passenger Ride Comfort. The Transactions of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan D, 122, 730-735. (In Japanese)
[17]
Zhao, L. and Hori, Y. (2006) Real Time Smart Speed Pattern Generator for EVs to Improve Safety and Ride Comfort Taking Driver’s Command Change and Limits of Acceleration and Jerk into Account. IEEJ Record of Industrial Measurement and Control, IIC-06-017.
[18]
Mizoshita, Y., Hasegawa, S. and Takaishi, K. (1996) Vibration Minimized Access Control for Disk Drives. IEEE Transaction on Magnetics, 32, 1793-1798.
https://doi.org/10.1109/20.492867
