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Quantum Disentanglement as the Physics behind Dark Energy

DOI: 10.4236/ojm.2017.71001, PP. 1-27

Keywords: Quantum Gravity, Quantum Entanglement, Quantum Disentanglement, E-Infinity Theory, Dark Energy

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Abstract:

A straightforward simple proof is given that dark energy is the natural conse-quence of a quantum disentanglement physical process. Thus while the ordinary energy density of the cosmos is equal to half that of Hardy’s quantum probability of Entanglement i.e. \"\" where \"\" , the density of cosmic dark energy is consequently one minus \"\" divided by two i.e. \"\". This result is in full agreement with all the numerous previous theoretical predictions as well as being in remarkable agreement with the overwhelming majority of cosmic accurate measurements and observations.

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[108]  El Naschie, M.S. (2005) On Einstein’s Super Symmetric Tensor and the Number of Elementary Particles of the Standard Model. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 23, 1521-1525.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.09.003
[109]  El Naschie, M.S. (2001) A General Theory for the Topology of Transfinite Heterotic Strings and Quantum Gravity. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 12, 969-988.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(00)00263-0
[110]  El Naschie, M.S. (2006) Fuzzy Dodecahedron Topology and E-Infinity Spacetime as a Model for Quantum Physics. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 30, 1025-1033.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2006.05.088
[111]  El Naschie, M.S. (2013) Determining the Missing Dark Energy Density of the Cosmos from a Light Cone Exact Relativistic Analysis. Journal of Physics, 2, 18-23.
[112]  El Naschie, M.S., Marek-Crnjac, L., Helal, M.A. and He, J.H. (2014) A Topological Magueijo-Smolin Varying Speed of Light Theory, the Accelerated Cosmic Expansion and the Dark Energy of Pure Gravity. Applied Mathematics, 5, 1780-1790.
https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2014.512171
[113]  Sigalotti, L.D.G. and Mejias, A. (2006) The Golden Ratio in Special Relativity. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 30, 521-524.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2006.03.005
[114]  Castro, C., El-Naschie, M.S. and Granik, A. (2000) Why We Live in 3 + 1 Dimensions. CERN Document Server. (No. hep-th/0004152).
[115]  Marek Crnjac, L. and El Naschie, M.S. (2013) Quantum Gravity and Dark Energy Using Fractal Planck Scaling. Journal of Modern Physics, 4, 31-38.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2013.411A1005
[116]  El Naschie, M.S. (2016) Einstein-Rosen Bridge (ER), Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Experiment (EPR) and Zero Measure Rindler-KAM Cantorian Spacetime Geometry (ZMG) Are Conceptually Equivalent. Journal of Quantum Information Science, 6, 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jqis.2016.61001
[117]  El Naschie, M.S. (1993) On Certain Infinite Dimensional Cantor Sets and the Schrodinger Wave. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 3, 89-98.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0779(93)90042-Y
[118]  El Naschie, M.S. (1995) Statistical Geometry of a Cantor Discretum and Semiconductors. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 29, 103-110.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0898-1221(95)00062-4
[119]  El Naschie, M.S. (2003) Kleinian Groups in E(∞) and Their Connection to Particle Physics and Cosmology. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 16, 637-649.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(02)00489-7
[120]  El Naschie, M.S. (2014) Electromagnetic—Pure Gravity Connection via Hardy’s Quantum Entanglement. Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications, 6, 233.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jemaa.2014.69023
[121]  El Naschie, M.S. (2013) Experimentally Based Theoretical Arguments That Unruh’s Temperature, Hawking’s Vacuum Fluctuation and Rindler’s Wedge Are Physically Real. American Journal of Modern Physics, 2, 357-361.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130206.23
[122]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) Kerr Black Hole Geometry Leading to Dark Matter and Dark Energy via E-Infinity Theory and the Possibility of a Nano Spacetime Singularities Reactor. Natural Science, 7, 210.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.74024
[123]  Castro, C. (2000) Is Quantum Space-Time Infinite Dimensional. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 11, 1663-1670.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(00)00018-7
[124]  El Naschie, M.S. (2014) Calculating the Exact Experimental Density of the Dark Energy in the Cosmos Assuming a Fractal Speed of Light. International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application, 3, 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ijmnta.2014.31001
[125]  El Naschie, M.S. (2004) Topological Defects in the Symplictic Vacuum, Anomalous Positron Production and the Gravitational Instanton. International Journal of Modern Physics E, 13, 835-849.
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218301304002429
[126]  El Naschie, M.S. (2000) Towards a Geometrical Theory for the Unification of All Fundamental Forces. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 11, 1459-1469.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(99)00194-0
[127]  El Naschie, M.S. (2014) From Modified Newtonian Gravity to Dark Energy via Quantum Entanglement. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics, 2, 803.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jamp.2014.28088
[128]  El Naschie, M.S. (2001) On a Heterotic String-Based Algorithm for the Determination of the Fine Structure Constant. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 12, 539-549.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(00)00187-9
[129]  El Naschie, M.S. (2005) Determining the Number of Higgs Particles Starting from General Relativity and Various Other Field Theories. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 23, 711-726.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.06.048
[130]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) Quantum Fractals and the Casimir-Dark Energy Duality—The Road to a Clean Quantum Energy Nano Reactor. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 1321.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2015.69137
[131]  Iovane, G. and Giordano, P. (2007) Wavelets and Multiresolution Analysis: Nature of ε(∞) Cantorian Space-Time. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 32, 896-910.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.11.097
[132]  He, J.H., Liu, Y., Xu, L. and Yu, J.Y. (2007) Micro Sphere with Nanoporosity by Electrospinning. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 32, 1096-1100.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2006.07.045
[133]  Chen, W. (2006) Time-Space Fabric Underlying Anomalous Diffusion. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 28, 923-929.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.08.199
[134]  El Naschie, M.S. (2006) Is Gravity Less Fundamental than Elementary Particles Theory? Critical Remarks on Holography and E-Infinity Theory. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 29, 803-807.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2006.01.012
[135]  El Naschie, M.S. (2008) Average Exceptional Lie and Coxeter Group Hierarchies with Special Reference to the Standard Model of High Energy Particle Physics. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 37, 662-668.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.01.018
[136]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) Hubble Scale Dark Energy Meets Nano Scale Casimir Energy and the Rational of Their T-Duality and Mirror Symmetry Equivalence. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, 5, 57.
https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnse.2015.53008
[137]  El Naschie, M.S. (2005) Determining the Mass of the Higgs and the Electroweak Bosons. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 24, 899-905.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.11.003
[138]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) From Kantian-Reinen Fernunft to the Real Dark Energy Density of the Cosmos via the Measure Concentration of Convex Geometry in Quasi Banach Spacetime. Open Journal of Philosophy, 5, 123.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2015.51014
[139]  El Naschie, M.S. (2014) Rindler Space Derivation of Dark Energy. Journal of Modern Physics and Applications, 6, 1-10.
[140]  Marek-Crnjac, L. and El Naschie, M.S. (2013) Chaotic Fractal Tiling for the Missing Dark Energy and Veneziano Model. Applied Mathematics, 4, 22.
https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2013.411A2005
[141]  Nottale, L. (1999) The Scale-Relativity Program. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 10, 459-468.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(98)00195-7
[142]  El Naschie, M.S. (2013) The Hydrogen Atom Fractal Spectra, the Missing Dark Energy of the Cosmos and Their Hardy Quantum Entanglement. International Journal of Modern Nonlinear Theory and Application, 2, 167.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ijmnta.2013.23023
[143]  El Naschie, M.S. (2005) A New Solution for the Two-Slit Experiment. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 25, 935-939.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.02.029
[144]  He, J.H. (2007) On the Number of Elementary Particles in a Resolution Dependent Fractal Spacetime. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 32, 1645-1648.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2006.08.015
[145]  Gottlieb, I., Agop, M., Ciobanu, G. and Stroe, A. (2006) El Naschie’s ε(∞) Space-Time and New Results in Scale Relativity Theories. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 30, 380-398.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.11.018
[146]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) The Cantorian Monadic Plasma behind the Zero Point Vacuum Spacetime Energy. American Journal of Nano Research and Application, 3, 66-70.
[147]  Gottlieb, I., Agop, M. and Jarcau, M. (2004) El Naschie’s Cantorian Space-Time and General Relativity by Means of Barbilian’s Group: A Cantorian Fractal Axiomatic Model of Space-Time. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 19, 705-730.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(03)00244-3
[148]  El Naschie, M.S. (2009) On Zero-Dimensional Points Curvature in the Dynamics of Cantorian-Fractal Spacetime Setting and High Energy Particle Physics. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 41, 2725-2732.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.10.001
[149]  El Naschie, M.S. (2008) High Energy Physics and the Standard Model from the Exceptional Lie Groups. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 36, 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2007.08.058
[150]  El Naschie, M.S. (2001) On Twistors in Cantorian E(∞) Space. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 12, 741-746.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(00)00193-4
[151]  El Naschie, M.S. (2005) Non-Euclidean Spacetime Structure and the Two-Slit Experiment. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 26, 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.02.031
[152]  El Naschie, M.S. and Rossler, O.E. (1994) Quantum Mechanics and Chaotic Fractals. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 4, 307-309.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0779(94)90049-3
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https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0779(95)80047-K
[154]  Marek-Crnjac, L. (2009) A Short History of Fractal-Cantorian Space-Time. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 41, 2697-2705.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.10.007
[155]  Marek-Crnjac, L. (2015) On El Naschie’s Fractal-Cantorian Space-Time and Dark Energy—A Tutorial Review. Natural Science, 7, 581.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.713058
[156]  He, J.H. (2014) A Tutorial Review on Fractal Spacetime and Fractional Calculus. International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 53, 3698-3718.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-014-2123-8
[157]  El Naschie, M.S. (2005) Kahler-Like Manifolds, Weyl Spinor Particles and E-Infinity High Energy Physics. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 26, 665-670.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.01.018
[158]  El Naschie, M.S. (2005) A P-Brane Vindication of the Two Higgs-Doublet Minimally Super-Symmetric Standard Model and Related Issues. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 23, 1511-1514.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.08.008
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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(98)80005-2
[160]  Giordano, P., Iovane, G. and Laserra, E. (2007) El Naschie ε(∞) Cantorian Structures with Spatial Pseudo-Spherical Symmetry: A Possible Description of the Actual Segregated Universe. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 31, 1108-1117.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2006.03.114
[161]  El Naschie, M.S. (2005) The Supersymmetric Components of the Riemann-Einstein Tensor as Nine Dimensional Spheres in Ten Dimensional Space. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 24, 29-32.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.09.002
[162]  He, J.H. (2007) E-Infinity Theory and the Higgs Field. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 31, 782-786.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2006.04.041
[163]  Iovane, G., Giordano, P. and Salerno, S. (2005) Dynamical Systems on El Naschie’s ε(∞) Cantorian Space-Time. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 24, 423-441.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.09.068
[164]  El Naschie, M.S. (2003) On John Nash’s Crumpled Surface. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 18, 635-641.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(03)00007-9
[165]  El Naschie, M.S. (2016) On a Fractal Version of Witten’s M-Theory. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 6, 135.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2016.62011
[166]  El Naschie, M.S. (2008) The Exceptional Lie Symmetry Groups Hierarchy and the Expected Number of Higgs Bosons. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 35, 268-273.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2007.07.036
[167]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) The Casimir Topological Effect and a Proposal for a Casimir-Dark Energy Nano Reactor. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, 5, 26.
https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnse.2015.51004
[168]  El Naschie, M.S. (2008) Exact Non-Perturbative Derivation of Gravity’s Fine Structure Constant, the Mass of the Higgs and Elementary Black Holes. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 37, 346-359.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2007.10.021
[169]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) From Fusion Algebra to Cold Fusion or from Pure Reason to Pragmatism. Open Journal of Philosophy, 5, 319.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojpp.2015.56040
[170]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) If Quantum “Wave” of the Universe Then Quantum “Particle” of the Universe: A Resolution of the Dark Energy Question and the Black Hole Information Paradox. International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5, 243.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2015.54027
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https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0779(95)00117-4
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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(97)00190-2
[173]  El Naschie, M.S. (2005) On Penrose View of Transfinite Sets and Computability and the Fractal Character of E-Infinity Spacetime. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 25, 531-533.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.01.001
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.10.045
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https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(99)00091-0
[176]  El Naschie, M.S. (2005) Dead or Alive: Desperately Seeking Schrodinger’s Cat. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 26, 673-676.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.02.030
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https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0779(94)90051-5
[178]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) Application of Dvoretzky’s Theorem of Measure Concentration in Physics and Cosmology. Open Journal of Microphysics, 5, 11.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ojm.2015.52002
[179]  El Naschie, M.S. (2004) Quantum Collapse of Wave Interference Pattern in the Two-Slit Experiment: A Set Theoretical Resolution. Nonlinear Science Letter A, 2, 1-9.
[180]  Iovane, G. (2006) Cantorian Spacetime and Hilbert Space: Part I—Foundations. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 28, 857-878.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.08.074
[181]  El Naschie, M.S. (1992) On the Uncertainty of Information in Quantum Space-Time. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 2, 91-94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0779(92)90050-W
[182]  Iovane, G., Gargiulo, G. and Zappale, E. (2006) A Cantorian Potential Theory for Describing Dynamical Systems on El Naschie’s Space-Time. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 27, 588-598.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.05.015
[183]  El Naschie, M.S. (1998) COBE Satellite Measurement, Hyperspheres, Superstrings and the Dimension of Spacetime. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 9, 1445-1471.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(98)00120-9
[184]  El Naschie, M.S. (2006) On the Vital Role Played by the Electron-Volt Units System in High Energy Physics and Mach’s Principle of “Denkokonomie”. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 28, 1366-1371.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.11.001
[185]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) Computing Dark Energy and Ordinary Energy of the Cosmos as a Double Eigenvalue Problem. Journal of Modern Physics, 6, 384.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2015.64042
[186]  Elnaschie, M.S. (2005) The Feynman Path Integral and Ε-Infinity from the Two-Slit Gedanken Experiment. International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation, 6, 335-342.
https://doi.org/10.1515/IJNSNS.2005.6.4.335
[187]  Iovane, G., Chinnici, M. and Tortoriello, F.S. (2008) Multifractals and El Naschie E-Infinity Cantorian Space-Time. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 35, 645-658.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2007.07.051
[188]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) A Cold Fusion-Casimir Energy Nano Reactor Proposal. World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering, 5, 49.
https://doi.org/10.4236/wjnse.2015.52007
[189]  El Naschie, M.S. (2014) From Highly Structured E-Infinity Rings and Transfinite Maximally Symmetric Manifolds to the Dark Energy Density of the Cosmos. Advances in Pure Mathematics, 4, 641.
https://doi.org/10.4236/apm.2014.412073
[190]  Selvam, A.M. and Fadnavis, S. (1999) Superstrings, Cantorian-Fractal Spacetime and Quantum-Like Chaos in Atmospheric Flows. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 10, 1321-1334.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(98)00150-7
[191]  El Naschie, M.S. (2006) Advanced Prerequisite for E-Infinity Theory. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 30, 636-641.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2006.04.044
[192]  He, J.H. (2006) Application of E-Infinity Theory to Turbulence. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 30, 506-511.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.11.033
[193]  Marek-Crnjac, L. (2013) Modification of Einstein’s E = mc2 to E = (1/22)mc2. American Journal of Modern Physics, 2, 255-263.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20130205.14
[194]  El-Ahmady, A.E. and Rafat, H. (2006) A Calculation of Geodesics in Chaotic Flat Space and Its Folding. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 30, 836-844.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.05.033
[195]  El Naschie, M.S. (2016) Quantum Dark Energy from the Hyperbolic Transfinite Cantorian Geometry of the Cosmos. Natural Science, 8, 152.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2016.83018
[196]  Selvam, A.M. and Fadnavis, S. (1999) Cantorian Fractal Spacetime, Quantum-Like Chaos and Scale Relativity in Atmospheric Flows. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 10, 1577-1582.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(98)00209-4
[197]  He, J.H. and Marek-Crnjac, L. (2013) The Quintessence of El Naschie’s Theory of Fractal Relativity and Dark Energy. Fractal Spacetime and Noncommutative Geometry in Quantum and High Energy Physics, 3, 130-137.
[198]  El Naschie, M.S. (2008) Noether’s Theorem, Exceptional Lie Groups Hierarchy and Determining 1/α 137 of Electromagnetism. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 35, 99-103.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2007.05.005
[199]  El Naschie, M.S. (2007) Quantum Probability without a Phase and a Topological Resolution of the Two-Slit Experiment. International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation, 8, 195-198.
https://doi.org/10.1515/IJNSNS.2007.8.2.195
[200]  El Naschie, M.S. (2009) Higgs Mechanism, Quarks Confinement and Black Holes as a Cantorian Spacetime Phase Transition Scenario. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 41, 869-874.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.04.013
[201]  El Naschie, M.S. (1994) Quantum Measurement, Diffusion and Cantorian Geodesics. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 4, 1235-1247.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0779(94)90034-5
[202]  Ozgür, C. (2008) N (k)-Quasi Einstein Manifolds Satisfying Certain Conditions. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 38, 1373-1377.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.03.016
[203]  He, J.H. (2007) Shrinkage of Body Size of Small Insects: A Possible Link to Global Warming? Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 34, 727-729.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2006.04.052
[204]  Castro, C. (2001) Noncommutative Geometry, Negative Probabilities and Cantorian-Fractal Spacetime. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 12, 101-104.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(00)00196-X
[205]  Rami, E.N.A. (2009) On the Fractional Minimal Length Heisenberg-Weyl Uncertainty Relation from Fractional Riccati Generalized Momentum Operator. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 42, 84-88.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.10.031
[206]  Babchin, A.J. and El Naschie, M.S. (2015) On the Real Einstein Beauty E = Kmc2. World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics, 6, 1-6.
https://doi.org/10.4236/wjcmp.2016.61001
[207]  He, J.H. (2008) String Theory in a Scale Dependent Discontinuous Space-Time. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 36, 542-545.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2007.07.093
[208]  Nagasawa, M. (1996) Quantum Theory, Theory of Brownian Motions, and Relativity Theory. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 7, 631-643.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-0779(95)00115-8
[209]  Iovane, G., Giordano, P. and Laserra, E. (2004) Fantappiè’s Group as an Extension of Special Relativity on ε(∞) Cantorian Space-Time. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 22, 975-983.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2004.04.019
[210]  El Naschie, M.S. (2015) A Casimir-Dark Energy Nano Reactor Design—Phase One. Natural Science, 7, 287-298.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2015.76032
[211]  Ord, G.N. (1997) Classical Particles and the Dirac Equation with an Electromagnetic Field. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 8, 727-741.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-0779(96)00059-8
[212]  Agop, M., Paun, V. and Harabagiu, A. (2008) El Naschie’s ε(∞) Theory and Effects of Nanoparticle Clustering on the Heat Transport in Nanofluids. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 37, 1269-1278.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2008.01.006
[213]  El Naschie, M.S., Marek-Crnjac, L., He, J.H. and Helal, M.A. (2013) Computing the Missing Dark Energy of a Clopen Universe Which Is Its Own Multiverse in Addition to Being both Flat and Curved. Fractal Spacetime and Noncommutative Geometry in Quantum and High Energy Physics, 3, 3-10.
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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2005.01.016
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