The fish Prochiloduslineatus (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae), in addition to being a good
bioindicator, is also of economic and ecological importance with a broad distribution
in the neotropics. Ecotoxicology examines the interaction between environmental
chemistry and biota; and in this study we assess alterations of bile and
glycogen levels in the fish liver, organ responsible for detoxification,
biotransformation and storing nutrients, such as glycogen, and for secreting
bile. Fish were separated in three groups to examine
the damage caused by the exposure to waters from Lago Azul-Rio Claro-SP and containing diluted biodegradable
detergents in comparison to a control group (chlorinated water from an artesian
well of UNESP-Campus Rio Claro). A histological analysis was performed on HE
and PAS stained sections. The identification of structural changes and the assessment of the area occupied by bile and glycogen were
carried out with the software ImageJ, showing that the liver was affected morphologically (cell vacuolization,
peripherals nuclei, for example) and problems in bile release and production
and storage of glycogen.
References
[1]
Silva, R.G. (2006) da Análise da estrutura genética populacional do curimbatá (Prochilodus lineatus, Characiformes: Prochilodontidae) na regiao da bacia do Rio Grande, 2016. SP. 112f.Dissertacao (Mestrado em Genética)—Universidade do Estado de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo.
[2]
Barbieri, G., Salles, F.A. and Cestarolli, M.A. (2000) Análise populacional do curimbatá, Prochilodus lineatus, do rio Mogi Guacu, Pirassununga/SP (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae). B. Inst. Pesca, 26, 137-145.
[3]
Maduenho, L.P. and Martinez, C.B.R. (2008) Acute Effects of Diflubenzuron on the Freshwater Fish Prochilodus lineatus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, 148, 265-272.
[4]
Mumford, S., Heidel, J., Smith, C., Morrison, J., Macconnell, B. and Blazer, V. (2010) Fish Histology and Histopathology. Shepherdstown, West Virginia—United States of America, National Conservation Training Center. 357 p.
[5]
Gerber, M.A. and Thung, S.N. (1987) Histology of the Liver. American Journal of Surgical Pathology, 11, 709-722. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000478-198709000-00007
[6]
Simonato, J.D., Guedes, C.L.B. and Martinez, C.B.R. (2008) Biochemical, Physiological, and Histological Changes in the Neotropical Fish Prochilodus lineatus Exposed to Diesel Oil. Ecotoxicology and Enviromental Safety, 69, 112-120.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.01.012
[7]
Jiraungkoorskul, W., Upatham, E.S., Kruatrachue, M., Sahaphong, S., Vichasri-Gramas, S. and Pokethitiyook, P. (2002) Histopathological Effects of Roundup, a Glyphosate Herbicide, on Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Science Asia, 28, 121-127.
https://doi.org/10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2002.28.121
[8]
De Aguiar, L.H., Moraes, G., Avilez, I.M., Altran, A.E. and Corrêa, C.F. (2004) Metabolical Effects of Folidol 600 on the Neotropical Freshwater Fish Matrinxa, Brycon cephalus. Environmental Research, 95, 224-230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00119-1
[9]
Bols, N.C., Brubacher, J.L., Ganassin, R.C. and Lee, L.E.J. (2001) Ecotoxicology and Innate Immunity in Fish. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 25, 853-873.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-305X(01)00040-4
[10]
Bols, N.C., Dayeh, V.R., Lee, L.E.J. and Schirmer, K. (2005) Use of Fish Cell Lines in the Toxicology and Ecotoxicology of Fish. Piscine Cell Lines in Environmental Toxicology. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Fishes, 6, 43-84.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1873-0140(05)80005-0
[11]
Campos, C.M.D., Moraes, J.R.E. and Moraes, F.R.D. (2008) Histopathology of Liver, Kidney and Spleen of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Prochilodus lineatus and Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum Infected by Myxosporean Parasite, Caugth in Aquidauana River, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária, 17, 200-205.
[12]
Pereira, B.F., da Silva Alves, R.M., Alves, A.L., Senhorin, J.A., de Alcantara Rocha, R.C.G., Scalize, P.H., Pitol, D.L. and Caetano, F.H. (2014) Effects of Biodegradable Detergents in Morphological Parameters of Liver in Two Neotropical Fish Species (Prochilodus lineatus and Astyanax altiparanae). Microscopy Research, 2, 39-49.
https://doi.org/10.4236/mr.2014.22006
[13]
Meyers, T.R. and Hendricks, J.D. (1982) A Summary of Tissue Lesions in Aquatic Animals Induced by Controlled Exposures to Environmental Contaminants, Chemotherapeutic Agents, and Potential Carcinogens. Marine Fisheries Review, 44, 1-17.
[14]
Vutukuru, S.S. and Basani, K. (2013) Acute Effects of Mercuric Chloride on Glycogen and Protein Content of Zebra Fish, Daniorerio. Journal of Environmental Biology, 34, 277-281.
[15]
Abdel-Moneim, A.M. (2014) Histopathological and Ultrastructural Perturbations in Tilapia Liver as Potential Indicators of Pollution in Lake Al-Asfar, Saudi Arabia. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 21, 4387-4396. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2185-9
