The field of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has revolutionized tremendously
in the recent past with its major application in Wireless Body Area Networks
(WBANs). This has in the same dimension attracted immense interests from the
researchers and technology providers. The operational modality of the WBANs is
that a few sensor nodes are placed in or around the body and that they are
meant to operate within a limited condition while providing high performance in
terms of WBAN life time, high throughput, high data reliability, minimum or no
delay and low power consumption. As most of the WBAN operates within the
universal Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Narrow Band (NB) wireless
band (2.4Ghz) frequency band, this has posed a challenge in respect to inter,
intra and co-channel interference especially in dense areas and high mobility
scenarios. As well the body posture changes dynamically due to these mobility
effects. In this paper, we propose a hybrid WBAN interference mitigation
model based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)
Contention Window (CW) approach and User Priority (UP) queues. Using Omnet++ simulation, a comparison to the IEEE
802.15.6 based WBAN protocol is presented under the standing, walking sitting
and Lying postural mobility scenarios. The results show that the proposed
hybrid model outperforms IEEE 802.15.6 based CSMA/CA protocol in areas of
network throughput, bandwidth efficiency and network delay in these mobility
postures.
References
[1]
Akyildiz, I. and Kasimoglu, I. (2004) Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks: Research Challenges. Ad Hoc Networks, 2, 351-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2004.04.003
[2]
IEEE STANDARD (2015) IEEE 802.15.4-2015 - IEEE Standard for Low-Rate Wireless Networks.
[3]
Ghamari, M., Janko, B., Sherratt, R. S., Harwin, W., Piechockic, R. and Soltanpur, C. (2016) A Survey on Wireless Body Area Networks for Ehealthcare Systems in Residential Environments. Sensors, 16, 831. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16060831
[4]
IEEE Standard (2012) IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Part 15.6: Wireless Body Area Networks, 1-271.
[5]
Yang, G.-Z. (2006) Body Sensor Networks. Springer-Verlag London Limited. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-484-8
[6]
Varga, A. (1999) Using the OMNeT++ Discrete Event Simulation System in Education. IEEE Transactions on Education, 42, 11 p. https://doi.org/10.1109/13.804564
[7]
Nabi, M., Geilen, M. and Basten, T. (2011) MoBAN: A Configurable Mobility Model for Wireless Body Area Networks. Proceedings of the 4th International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), 168-177. https://doi.org/10.4108/icst.simutools.2011.245511
[8]
Shakir, M., Rehman, O.U., Rahim, M., Alrajeh, N., Khan, Z.A., Khan, M. and Javaid, N. (2016) Performance Optimization of Priority Assisted CSMA/CA Mechanism of 802.15. 6 under Saturation Regime. Sensors, 16, 1421. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16091421
[9]
Lewis, D. (2010) IEEE p802. 15.6/d0 Draft Standard for Body Area Network (Vol. 6). 15-10-0245-06.
[10]
IEEE Draft (2010) IEEE p802.15.6/d0 Draft Standard for Body Area Network.
[11]
Zhen, B., Patel, M., Lee, S., Won, E. and Astrin, A. (2008) TG6 Technical Requirements Document (TRD). IEEE P802, 15-08.
[12]
Zhang, A., Smith, D., Miniutti, D., Hanlen, L., Rodda, D. and Gilbert, B. (2010) Performance of Piconet Co-Existence Schemes in Wireless Body Area Networks. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2010.5506746
[13]
Hanlen, L., Miniutti, D., Smith, B., Rodda, D. and Gilbert, B. (2010) Co-Channel Interference in Body Area Networks with Indoor Measurements at 2.4 GHz: Distance-to-Interferer Is a Poor Estimate of Received Interference Power. IJWIN, 17, 113-125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10776-010-0123-z
[14]
Movassaghi, S., Abolhasan, M., Lipman, J., Smith, D. and Jamalipour, A. (2014) Wireless Body Area Networks: A Survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 16, 1658-1686. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2013.121313.00064
[15]
Sana, U., Manar, M. and Mohammed, A. (2013) A Review of IEEE 802.15.6 MAC, PHY, and Security Specifications. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2013, Article ID: 950704.
[16]
Arthur, A., Huan, L. and Ryuji, K. (2009) Standardization for Body Area Networks. IEICE Transactions on Communications, E92.B, 366-372.
[17]
Alam, M.M. and Hamida, E.B. (2016) Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.15. 6-Based WBANs under Co-Channel Interference.
[18]
Yang, L., Li, C., Song, Y., Yuan, X. and Lei, Y. (2015) Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.15. 6 MAC with User Priorities for Medical Applications. In: Future Information Technology-II, Springer, Dordrecht, 233-240.
[19]
Zhang, R., Moungla, H. and Mehaoua, A. (2015) Delay Analysis of IEEE 802.15. 6 CSMA/CA Mechanism in Duty-Cycling WBANs. Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM), 2015 IEEE, 1-6.
[20]
Hend, F., Hanen, I., Thierry, V., Adrien, V. and Leila, A. (2015) IEEE International Conference on Computer Systems and Applications (AICCSA).
[21]
Kaitalidou, D.S., Boulogeorgos, A.A.A. and Pavlidou, F.N. (2016) Comparison of CSMA/CA Protocols Applied in Wireless Body Area Network Standards. Electrotechnical Conference (MELECON), 2016 18th Mediterranean, IEEE, 1-6.
