Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is characterized by its high data rate. However, the modulation method used in the system is subject to the influence of phase noise due to the need of time synchronization. In this paper, an algorithm based on MMSE (minimum mean square error) is developed to compensate the influence of both the common phase error (CPE) and inter carrier interference (ICI), which are two aspects of phase noise, under common Gaussian white noise. The result of noise cancellation is presented in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and symbol error rate (SER). Like digital signal in general, SNR can reduce SER with or without phase noise compensation. The compensation of phase noise significantly reduces the SER of the decoded signal. However, the bandwidth of phase noise still determines the signal accuracy. Under high bandwidth of phase noise, increasing SNR will only slightly increase SER, which is not efficient.
References
[1]
Zou, W.Y. and Wu, Y.Y. (1995) COFDM: An Overview. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 41, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1109/11.372015
[2]
Weinstein, S.B. (2009) The History of Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing [History of Communications]. IEEE Communications Magazine, 47, 26-35.
https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2009.5307460
[3]
Wu, S.P. and Bar-Ness, Y. (2002) A Phase Noise Suppression Algorithm for OFDM-Based WLANs. IEEE Communications Letters, 6, 535-537.
https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2002.806468
[4]
Dakshi, A., et al. (1998) Space-Time Coded OFDM for High Data-Rate Wireless Communication over Wideband Channels. VTC’98. 48th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Pathway to Global Wireless Revolution (Cat. No.98CH36151), Ottawa, Ont., 21-21 May 1998, Vol. 3.
[5]
Mikael, S., et al. (2003) Attaining Both Coverage and High Spectral Efficiency with Adaptive OFDM Downlinks. 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484), Orlando, FL, 6-9 October 2003, Vol. 4.
[6]
Tomba, L. (1998) On the Effect of Wiener Phase Noise in OFDM Systems. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 46, 580-583. https://doi.org/10.1109/26.668721
[7]
Zou, Q.Y., Tarighat, A. and Sayed, A.H. (2007) Compensation of Phase Noise in OFDM Wireless Systems. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 55, 5407-5424.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TSP.2007.899583
[8]
Mourad, M., Hasnaoui, S. and Bouallegue, R. (2007) Analysis of Frequency Offsets and Phase Noise Effects on an OFDM 802.11 g Transceiver. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 5, 87-91.
[9]
Patrick, R. and Kaiser, S. (1995) Analysis of the Effects of Phase-Noise in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) Systems. Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Communications ICC’95, Seattle, WA, 18-22 June 1995, Vol. 3.
[10]
Fazel, K. and Ruf, M.J. (1993) A Hierarchical Digital HDTV Transmission Scheme for Terrestrial Broadcasting. Proceedings of IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM’93, Houston, TX, 29 November-2 December 1993.
https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.1993.318420
[11]
Petrovic, D., Rave, W. and Fettweis, G. (2007) Effects of Phase Noise on OFDM Systems with and without PLL: Characterization and Compensation. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 55, 1607-1616.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TCOMM.2007.902593
[12]
Casas, R.A., Biracree, S.L. and Youtz, A.E. (2002) Time Domain Phase Noise Correction for OFDM Signals. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 48, 230-236.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TBC.2002.803711
[13]
Denis, P., Rave, W. and Fettweis, G. (2004) Intercarrier Interference Due to Phase Noise in OFDM-Estimation and Suppression. IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference VTC2004-Fall, Los Angeles, CA, 26-29 September 2004.
[14]
Alper, D., Mehrotra, A. and Roychowdhury, J. (2000) Phase Noise in Oscillators: A Unifying Theory and Numerical Methods for Characterization. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 47, 655-674.
https://doi.org/10.1109/81.847872
[15]
Van De Beek, J.-J., et al. (1995) On Channel Estimation in OFDM Systems. 1995 IEEE 45th Vehicular Technology Conference Countdown to the Wireless Twenty-First Century, Chicago, IL, 25-28 July 1995, Vol. 2.
[16]
Bingham, J.A.C. (1990) Multicarrier Modulation for Data Transmission: An Idea Whose Time Has Come. IEEE Communications Magazine, 28, 5-14.
https://doi.org/10.1109/35.54342
[17]
Schmidl, T.M. and Cox, D.C. (1997) Robust Frequency and Timing Synchronization for OFDM. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 45, 1613-1621.
https://doi.org/10.1109/26.650240
