Lipid Peroxidation and Some Antioxidant Enzymes Evaluation in Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) Treated Male and Female Wistar Rats Exposed to Chronic Restraint Stress
This study was designed to assess the effect to apple cider vinegar (ACV) on oxidative stress biomarkers in male and female Wistar rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Severe and persistent stress elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by metabolic and physiological processes; causing cellular damage. Thirty (30) Adult Wistar rats of both sexes weighing about 150 - 200 g were divided into 3 groups each consisting of a male and female subgroup and given the following treatments once a day for 21 days: Normal control group received 0.5 ml distilled water orally, the restraint stress (RS) group was exposed to chronic restraint stress 6 hours daily while the Apple cider vinegar (ACV)-treated group received 4 ml/kg of apple cider vinegar orally in addition to chronic restraint stress 6 hours daily. The rats were sacrificed after the experimental period and blood was collected via cardiac puncture for assessing oxidative stress biomarkers. ACV (4 ml/kg) treatment decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA) and serum catalase (CAT) activity while upregulating endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The findings of this study show that the female Wistar rats are more predisposed to the antioxidant effect of ACV than the males.
References
[1]
Mallick, A.K., Das, B., Ahsan, M., Saxena, S., Samanta, S. and Kumari, N.A. (2015) Correlation Study between Lipid Peroxidation and Dyslipidemia in Postmenopausal Women. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 3, 669-673.
[2]
Budak, N.H., Aykin, E., Seydim, A.C., Greene, A.K. and Guzel-Seydim, Z.B. (2014) Functional Properties of Vinegar. Journal of Food Science, 79, 757-764. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12434
[3]
Fyiad, A.A. (2012) Anti-Stress Effects of Camellia sinensis in Rats Subjected to Restraint Stress. Report and Opinion, 4, 23-30.
[4]
Naz¹roglu, M., Güler, M., Küçükayaz, M., Övey, I.S. and Özgül, C. (2012) Apple Cider Vinegar Supplementation Modulates Lipid Peroxidation and Glutathione Peroxidase Values in Lens of Ovariectomized Mice. Cell Membranes and Free Radical Research, 3, 209-214.
[5]
Johnston, C.S.S. and Gaas, C.A. (2006) Vinegar; Medicinal Uses and Antiglycemic Effect. Medscape General Medicine, 8, 61.
[6]
Mahmoodi, M., Hosseini-Zijoud, S., Hassanshahi, G., Nabati, S., Modarresi, M., Mehrabian, M., Sayyadi, A. and Hajizadeh, M. (2013) The Effect of White Vinegar on Some Blood Biochemical Factors in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 4, 1-5.
[7]
Iman, M., Moallem, S.A. and Barahoyee, A. (2015) The Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar on Blood Glucose in Diabetic Mice. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 20, 163-168.
[8]
Jabir, H.B., Abbas, F.N. and Khalaf, R.M. (2011) In Vitro Assessment of Antifungal Potential of Apple Cider Vinegar and Acetic Acid versus Fluconazole in Clinical Isolates of Otomycosis. Thi-Qar Medical Journal, 1, 126-133.
[9]
Hamed, A.T. and Matar, R.A. (2014) The Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar and Grape Vinegar on Lipid Profile in Albino White Rats. Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 7, 164-170. https://doi.org/10.12816/0027040
[10]
Soltan, S.A.S. and Shehata, M.E.M. (2012) Antidiabetic and Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Different Types of Vinegar in Rats. Life Science Journal, 9, 2141-2151.
[11]
Mohamad, N.E., Yeap, S.K., Lim, K.L., Yusof, H.M., Beh, B.K., Tan, S.W., Ho, W.Y., Sharifuddin, S.A., Jamaluddin, A., Long, K., Abd Rahman, N.M.A. and Alitheen, N.B. (2015) Antioxidant Effects of Pineapple Vinegar in Reversing of Paracetamol-Induced Liver Damage in Mice. Chinese Medicine, 10, 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-015-0030-4
[12]
Bellanti, F., Matteo, M., Rollo, T., DeRosario, F., Greco, P., Vendemiale, G. and Serviddio, G. (2013) Sex Hormones Modulate Circulating Antioxidant Enzymes: Impact of Estrogen Therapy. Redox Biology, 1, 340-346.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2013.05.003
[13]
Smith, C. (2012) Using Rodent Models to Simulate Stress of Physiologically Relevant Severity: When, Why and How. In: Qian, X.X., Ed., Chapter 10 Glucocorticoids: New Recognition of Our Familiar Friend, Intech, 211-230.
[14]
Niehaus, W.G. and Samuelsson, B. (1968) Formation of Malondialdehyde from Phospholipid Arachidonate during Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation. European Journal of Biochemistry, 6, 126-130. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.1968.tb00428.x
[15]
Akanji, M.A., Adeyemi, O.S., Oguntoye, S.O. and Suleiman, F. (2009) Psidium Guajava Extract Reduces Trypanosomiasis Associated Lipid Peroxidation and Raised Glutathione Concentrations in Injected Animals. Excli Journal, 8, 148-154.
[16]
Fridovich, I. (1986) Superoxide Dismutases. In: Meister, A., Ed., Advances in Enzymology, Vol. 58, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 61-97. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470123041.ch2
Abu-zaiton, A.S. (2011) Effect of Apple Vinegar on Physiological State of Pancreas in Normal and Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats. World Journal of Zoology, 6, 7-11.
[19]
Kim, H.G., Kim, Y.J., Ahn, Y.C. and Son, C.G. (2015) Serum Levels of Stress Hormones and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Differ According to Sasang Constitutional Type. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2015, Article ID: 737631.
[20]
Jorgensen, A., Maigaard, K., Wörtwein, G., Hageman, I., Henriksen, T., Weimann, A., Peter Møller, P., Loft, S., Hau, J., Poulsen, H.E. and Jorgensen, M.B. (2013) Chronic Restraint Stress in Rats Causes Sustained Increase in Urinary Corticosterone Excretion without Affecting Cerebral or Systemic Oxidatively Generated DNA/RNA Damage. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 40, 30-37.
[21]
Ozkol, H., Koyuncu, I. and Tuluce, Y. (2011) Some Medicinal Plants Counteract Alterations of Neuroendocrine Stress Response System, Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress Caused by Repeated Restraint in Rats. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5, 4360-4368.
[22]
Abd-Aziz, N.A.A., Chatterjee, A., Chatterjee, R. and Durairajanayagam, D. (2014) Corticosterone-Induced Oxidative Stress Alters Epididymal Sperm Fertility in Rats. ASM Science Journal, 8, 117-124.
[23]
Bowman, R.E., Zrull, M.C. and Luine, V.L. (2001) Chronic Restraint Stress Enhances Radial Arm Maze Performance in Female Rats. Brain Research, 904, 279-289.
[24]
Malisch, J.L., Saltzman, W., Gomes, F.R., Rezende, E.L., Jeske, D.R. and Garland, T. (2007) Baseline and Stress-Induced Plasma Corticosterone Concentrations of Mice Selectively Bred for High Voluntary Wheel Running. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, 80, 146-156. https://doi.org/10.1086/508828
[25]
Sertoki, M., Asgary, S., Eidi, A., Rohani, A.H. and Esmaeu, N. (2009) Effects of Apple Juice on Risk Factors of Lipid Profile, Inflammation and Coagulation, Endothelial Markers and Atherosclerotic Lesions in High Cholesterolemic Rabbits. Lipids in Health and Disease, 8, 39.
[26]
Wactawski-Wende, J., Schistermand, E.F., Hoveya, K.M., Howards, P.P., Browne, R.W., Hedigerd, M., Liud, A. and Trevisan, M. (2009) BioCycle Study: Design of the Longitudinal Study of the Oxidative Stress and Hormone Variation during the Menstrual Cycle. Paediatric Perinatal Epidemiolology, 23, 171-184. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2008.00985.x
