全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Bubble Size Measurement by the Ultrasonic Pulse Echo with Tracking Technique

DOI: 10.4236/jfcmv.2019.71002, PP. 11-27

Keywords: Ultrasound, Two-Phase Flow, Bubble Size, Pulse Echo, Tracking

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Bubbly flows appear in many different industrial fields and the measurement of bubble sizes is crucial for understanding phase interactions. The ultrasound pulse echo can be used for a non-intrusive measurement of the bubble surface position in one dimension even when there is no optical access to the bubble. A simultaneous measurement from two opposing directions gives the bubble size but has been performed only on single bubbles. This work applies the tracking technique, which allows a simultaneous measurement of multiple bubbles. The performance of the bubble size measurement was tested experimentally by comparing ultrasonic results with the sizes measured by a high-speed camera and also with metal cylinders. Possible sources of measurement uncertainty were analysed and discussed. The tested range of bubble sizes was up to 10 mm and the void fraction was lower than 1.25%.

References

[1]  Jones, O.C. and Delhaye, J.M. (1976) Transient and Statistical Measurement Techniques for Two-Phase Flows: A Critical Review. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 3, 89-116.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(76)90001-X
[2]  Guet, S., Fortunati, R.V., Mudde, R.F. and Ooms, G. (2003) Bubble Velocity and Size Measurement with a Four-Point Optical Fiber Probe. Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, 20, 219-230.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ppsc.200390028
[3]  Frijlink, J.J. (1987) Physical Aspects of Gassed Suspension Reactors. Ph.D. Thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft.
[4]  Clark, N.N. and Turton, R. (1988) Chord Length Distributions Related to Bubble Size Distributions in Multiphase Flows. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 14, 413-424.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9322(88)90019-5
[5]  Prasser, H.M., Scholz, D. and Zippe, C. (2001) Bubble Size Measurement Using Wire-Mesh Sensor. Journal of Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 12, 299-312.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0955-5986(00)00046-7
[6]  Lacuona, A., Sosa, P.A., Rodriguez, P.A. and Zequeira, R.I. (2000) Volumetric Characterisation of Dispersed Two-Phase Flows by Digital Image Analysis. Measurement Science and Technology, 11, 1152-1161.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/11/8/309
[7]  Shen, L., Song, X., Iguchi, M. and Yamamoto, F. (2000) A Method for Recognizing Particles in Overlapped Particle Images. Pattern Recognition Letters, 21, 21-30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-8655(99)00130-0
[8]  Honkanen, M., Saarenrinne, P., Stoor, T. and Niinimaki, J. (2005) Recognition of Highly Overlapping Ellipse-Like Bubble Images. Measurement Science and Technology, 16, 1760-1770.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-0233/16/9/007
[9]  Fu, Y. and Liu, Y. (2016) Development of a Robust Image Processing Technique for Bubbly Flow Measurement in a Narrow Rectangular Channel. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 84, 217-228.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.04.011
[10]  Fairbank, W.M. and Scully, M.O. (1977) A New Noninvasive Technique for Cardiac Pressure Measurement: Resonant Scattering of Ultrasound from Bubbles. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, BME-24, 107-110.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.1977.326112
[11]  Murakawa, H., Kikura, H. and Aritomi, M. (2008) Application of Ultrasonic Multi-Wave Method for Two-Phase Bubbly and Slug Flows. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, 19, 205-213.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2007.06.010
[12]  Duffey, R.B. and Hall, R.S. (1969) An Ultrasonic Technique for Measuring the Transient Movement of a Liquid-Vapour Interface. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, 2, 193-194.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/2/2/318
[13]  Matikainen, L., Irons, G.A., Morala, E. and Chang, J.S. (1986) Ultrasonic System for the Detection of Transient Liquid/Gas Interfaces Using the Pulse-Echo Technique. Review of Scientific Instruments, 57, 1661-1666.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1138546
[14]  Chang, J.S. and Morala, E.C. (1990) Determination of Two-Phase Interfacial Areas by an Ultrasonic Technique. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 122, 143-156.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(90)90203-A
[15]  Poole, D.H. (1970) An Ultrasonic Technique for Measuring Transient Movements of a Phase Boundary in a Liquid. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, 3, 726-728.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/3/9/416
[16]  Andruszkiewicz, A., Eckert, K., Eckert, S. and Odenbach, S. (2013) Gas Bubble Detection in Liquid Metals by Means of the Ultrasound Transit-Time-Technique. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 220, 53-62.
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2013-01796-0
[17]  Richter, T., Eckert, K., Yang, X. and Odenbach, S. (2015) Measuring the Diameter of Rising Gas Bubbles by Means of the Ultrasound Transit Time Technique. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 291, 64-70.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2015.05.005
[18]  Povolny, A., Kikura, H. and Ihara, T. (2018) Ultrasound Pulse-Echo Coupled with a Tracking Technique for Simultaneous Measurement of Multiple Bubbles. Sensors, 18, 1327.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s18051327
[19]  Greenspan, M. and Tschiegg, C.E. (1957) Speed of Sound in Water by a Direct Method. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 59, 249-254.
https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.059.028
[20]  Reddy, P.R., Amarnadh, V. and Bhaskar, M. (2012) Evaluation of Stopping Criterion in Contour Tracing Algorithms. International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, 3, 3888-3894.
[21]  Fitzgibbon, A., Pilu, M. and Fisher, R.B. (1999) Direct Least Square Fitting of Ellipses. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 21, 476-480.
https://doi.org/10.1109/34.765658
[22]  Chang, T.P.K., Watson, A.T. and Tatterson, G.B. (1985) Image Processing of Tracer Particle Motions as Applied to Mixing and Turbulent Flow I. Chemical Engineering Science, 40, 269-275.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(85)80066-X
[23]  Wada, S., Furuichi, N. and Shimada, T. (2017) Application of Partial Inversion Pulse to Ultrasonic Time-Domain Correlation Method to Measure the Flow Rate in a Pipe. Measurement Science and Technology, 28, Article ID: 115302.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/aa83df
[24]  Besagni, G. and Inzoli, F. (2016) Bubble Size Distributions and Shapes in Annular Gap Bubble Column. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 74, 27-48.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2015.11.020

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133

WeChat 1538708413