太极拳的平衡维持作用及其生物力学研究进展

太极拳由武术拳种发展为一种运动疗法，受到广泛的关注。国内外学者对太极拳的康复作用及原理进行研究，其中对平衡能力的促进作用是目前的主要热点。根据研究目的和评价指标，从太极拳的保健康复作用和生物力学特性两方面进行文献综述，对比研究方法和结论的差异，探讨太极拳练习康复功效的生物力学机制。部分临床对照研究结果不一致，其原因可能是太极拳练习的动作标准及练习时长没有统一的规范。加强太极拳的生物力学研究，针对不同健康状态的人群制定太极拳练习标准，是未来太极拳研究的一个主要方向。
Tai Chi, developed from a kind of martial arts into a new form of exercise therapy, has received wide attention. Studies on the rehabilitation effects of Tai Chi and its mechanism have been conducted by researches in both China and other countries, and most of these studies are concerned with Tai Chi’s role in balance improvement. According to the purpose of the study and the evaluation index, the rehabilitation function and biomechanical characteristics of Tai Chi exercising were reviewed. The biomechanical mechanism of rehabilitation function was discussed by comparing the differences between the research method and the conclusion. Due to the lack of a unified specification for the standard and duration of Tai Chi exercising, some study result are inconsistent. Enhancing biomechanical researches on Tai Chi and setting different practicing standards for people with various health conditions will be a main direction for Tai Chi study in the future.