LncRNA在骨重建及骨相关疾病中的作用

骨重建可保持骨生物力学特性稳定，对维持骨强度具有重要意义。正常骨骼的生长和发育需要转录调控网络、信号传导通路、力学生物学及生物力学因素的紧密协调，而力学环境的改变，多种信号途径失调，影响骨的发育。长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA, lncRNA）是一类长度大于200 nt、生物来源广泛、2级及3级结构高度保守的RNA分子。研究显示，许多lncRNA参与骨骼系统的正常发育或平衡，调控成骨细胞的分化，以及参与骨肉瘤的发生。LncRNA表达失调与关节炎、骨质疏松症和骨癌等多种骨疾病密切相关，有望作为预测骨疾病的生物标志物。综述lncRNA的特征、参与骨重塑的lncRNA及其可能的作用机理，并讨论lncRNA作为生物标志物应用于治疗包括骨关节炎、骨质疏松症、骨癌等骨骼系统疾病的可能性，旨在为更好地理解和研究lncRNA在生物体内的作用提供参考。
Bone remodeling can keep the biomechanical properties, which is of great significance to maintain bone strength. Normal skeletal development requires tight coordination of transcriptional networks, signaling pathways and biomechanical cues, and many of these pathways are dysregulated in pathological conditions affecting bone. lncRNA is a group of RNAs with broad biogenesis, which are longer than 200 nt and highly conserved in their secondary and tertiary structures. Studies show that many lncRNAs are involved in normal development or balance of the skeletal system, the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, and the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. Dysregulation of lncRNA expression is closely related to many bone diseases and it is expected to be a biomarker for predicting bone diseases. In this review, the characteristics and mechanisms of lncRNA involved in bone remodeling and its possible role were summarized, and the likely utility of IncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for diseases of the skeletal system was discussed, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, and cancers of the skeletal system, so as to provide references for the better understanding and study on lncRNA biological function in organisms.