皮质骨的多级结构与韧化机制研究进展

人体皮质骨是一种主要由胶原蛋白和矿化羟基磷灰石晶体共同构成的生物复合材料，它既具备了高强度、刚度和断裂韧性，同时又具有耐受损伤和自我修复的能力。在长期的进化过程中，骨组织具备了满足其功能需求的生物力学强韧性，其强韧性机制存在于多级结构的各个层面。通过综述皮质骨的多级结构和各层级强韧机制的研究进展，将增强人们对老龄化骨质疏松诊断、预防和治疗以及各种骨病病理机制的认识。
Cortical bone is a kind of natural biological composite materials, which is mainly composed of tropocollagen molecules and nanoscale hydroxyapatite mineral crystals. It possesses high strength, stiffness and fracture toughness and has the ability to tolerate damage and self-heal. In the long process of evolution, bone tissues form the biomechanical strength and toughness to meet its functional needs. The excellent mechanical properties of cortical bone are closely related to its hierarchical microstructure. This paper reviewed the hierarchical microstructure of cortical bone and its toughening mechanisms, which would contribute to understanding the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of aging-related osteoporosis and the pathological mechanism of bone diseases.