2017年全国高校毕业生就业状况实证研究

摘要 本文基于2017年全国21个省区市33所高校的抽样调查数据，对高校毕业生就业状况进行了实证分析，研究发现：（1）2017年高校毕业生总体就业状况比较稳定，毕业生工作的"学用结合度"（工作和所学专业相关程度）和总体满意度都达到了较高水平；（2）毕业生整体"落实率"达到84.6%，与2015年相比，已确定单位、国内升学、出国出境的比例都明显增高；（3）从就业分布来看，毕业生依然更倾向于东部地区和大城市，企业是吸纳毕业生的最主要单位；（4）毕业生个体的人力资本积累因素在劳动力市场上获得了良好的投资回报，同时，家庭社会资本、学校背景以及不同地区和行业的劳动力市场状况均对毕业生的求职结果、起薪和就业满意度产生了重要影响。
Abstract：Based on 2017 placement data from a national survey of 33 higher education institutions in 21 provinces of China, this paper studies the employment of graduates and its influencing factors. The empirical research results show that, first, the overall employment of college graduates in 2017 is relatively stable, with relatively high job-major correlation and job satisfaction. Second, the overall placement rate of college graduates is 84.6%. Compared with the data in 2015, the proportion of graduates who have signed employment agreements is higher, and the proportion of graduates taking advanced studies either domestically or abroad has been significantly increased. Third, when it comes to the locations of employment, graduates still prefer the eastern or other large cities, and enterprises are the most important units employing graduates. Finally, human capital attributes (such as high academic performance, experience of working as a student cadre, a higher degree and career-related certificates) get better return on investment in the labor market. Besides, family background is an important influencing factor, while labor market conditions in different places and industries are also significant determinants of graduates' job-hunting outcomes, starting salary levels and job satisfaction.