飞秒激光脉冲在空气中成丝调控研究进展

在衍射、色散、克尔效应和多光子电离的动态平衡作用下，飞秒激光脉冲能够形成长距离的自引导光丝结构，并且伴随着狭长的等离子体通道。为精确控制超强飞秒激光脉冲在大气中的传输特性，针对飞秒光丝传输模式及光丝光场时空分布的有效调控已成为当前研究热点。在介绍飞秒激光成丝物理模型的基础上，对飞秒激光成丝调控方面的最新进展进行了综述，将光丝调控方式大致归结为两部分：时间调控和空间调控。其中，在空间维度上的调控主要可以分为相位调控、振幅调控以及特殊光场调控。同时指出飞秒激光大气成丝调制能产生众多的新效应，可为促进飞秒光丝实现更多新颖的潜在应用奠定基础。
Under the dynamic equilibrium among diffraction, dispersion, Kerr effect and multiple photons ionization, a self-guiding filament formed by femtosecond laser with long propagation distance can be constructed, which is accompanied by a narrow plasma channel. In order to control the propagation features of filamentation explicitly in air, a way to effectively regulate filamentation propagation modes and spatio temporal distributions has become a research hotspot. On the basis of introducing the physical model of filamentation briefly, a general overview of controlling filamentation divided by two parts was presented in this review: temporal modulations and spatial modulations. In particular, the latter consists of modulations designed by phase, amplitude and special beams. Our findings suggest that unique filaments controlled by initial modulations can offer advantages and fundamentals for the realization of numerous potential applications.