环境治理政策的工具偏好与路径优化——基于43个政策文本的内容分析

摘要 有效的环境治理离不开环境政策工具的科学选择与运用。借助内容分析法，按照样本选择、分析框架构建、文本单元编码及数据分析的逻辑，对改革开放以来中央政府颁布的43个环境治理政策文本进行分析，揭示我国政府在环境治理工具选择上的一般规律及其偏好。结果表明，我国环境治理中存在强制型政策工具运用过溢、政府行政主体运用分布不均，以及经济型政策工具和自愿型政策工具使用不足等问题，并提出适度降低强制型政策工具的使用、重视经济型政策工具和自愿型政策工具、加强公民与第三方组织参与度、健全政策工具使用机制等优化路径。
Abstract：Effective environmental governance is inseparable from the scientific choice and application of environmental policy tools. Based on the logic of sample selection， framework construction， text unit coding and data analysis， content analysis was applied to study the 43 environmental policy texts issued by the Chinese central government since the reform and opening up with the purpose of revealing the Chinese governments' choice of environmental governance tools. The research results showed that there existed such problems as the overuse of coercive policy tools， uneven use of government administrative bodies， and inefficient use of economic policies and voluntary policy tools in China's environmental governance. Some optimization paths were then advocated including the less use of mandatory policy tools， the emphasis of economic and voluntary policy tools， the enhanced participation of citizens and third-party organizations， and the improvement of use mechanisms for policy tools.