涂层硬质合金刀具车削交趾黄檀的磨损特性

针对涂层木工刀具的磨损特性,通过涂层硬质合金刀具车削交趾黄檀试验,借助扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪对刀具的磨损表面进行观察分析,以研究在车削加工交趾黄檀工件时不同加工参数对涂层硬质合金刀具的磨损影响。根据试验结果可得:随着每层切削速度的增大,刀具的后刀面磨损量亦随之增加; 然而随着切削路程的增大,不同的外层切削进给速度和成型切削进给速度对刀具后刀面磨损量的影响逐渐减小。在相同的加工参数条件下,随着切削路程的增加,刀具的涂层剥落先后顺序为TiN-Al2O3-TiC,直至涂层完全剥落,露出基体,最终涂层失效。在刀具涂层失效过程中,涂层常伴有片状脱落现象。在涂层完全失效后,刀具基体与工件主要产生氧化磨损和粘结磨损。因此,在车削加工木制工艺品时,选择合理角度结构的刀具,设定合理的加工参数,不仅可以提高加工效率,还可以提高刀具使用寿命。
With the extensive use of wood materials in various types of wood products, cutting tools used for wood machining have been promoted and gained rapid development. Among the wood materials, Dalbergia cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness with its advantages, such as high strength, strong corrosion resistance and beautiful texture, has been manufactured into many wood crafts, especially wood beads. However, because D. cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness is a non-homogeneous structure and contains many acid extractives, which reduce the service life of cutting tools significant, and thus cutting tools require higher wear resistance. With the rapid development of coating technology, the tool life has been improved greatly. In this paper, in order to provide the wood processing industry with a scientific and reliable guidance a series of experiments were designed to explore the effects of different cutting parameters on the wear characteristic of coated carbide cutting tools in machining D. cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness. Based on the experimental analysis, the results are presented as follows: Firstly, the cutting depth of each layer has a positive effect on flank wear, namely, the increase in cutting depth increased the flank wear of cutting tools. However, outer feed speed and forming feed speed did not show an obvious impact on the flank wear with the increase in cutting length. The sequence of coating shedding was: TiN-Al2O3-TiC, and then the coatings were shed completely. When the substrate of the cutter was exposed, the tool was going to fail, indicating that it couldn't be used to machine D. cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness continuously. Therefore, when machining D. cochinchinensis Pierre ex Laness by coated carbide cutting tools, it is recommended to choose the reasonable tool geometry and cutting parameters. Since it can not only increase the production efficiency, but also improve the cutting performance and service life of cutting tools