生物质基无甲醛胶黏剂的研究进展

木材加工行业当前使用的胶黏剂原料主要来自石油资源,石油资源的不可再生性和人们对环境问题以及胶黏剂中甲醛等有毒挥发性物质的日益关注,迫使人们寻找可再生的无甲醛木材胶黏剂。利用价格低廉的可再生资源开发无甲醛环保型胶黏剂是我国木材胶黏剂行业的研发方向。因此,研究生物质基无甲醛木材胶黏剂具有重要的科学意义和应用前景。生物质胶黏剂普遍存在黏度大、胶合强度低、耐水性差等问题,围绕如何解决这些问题,研究人员进行了大量的研究。主要介绍了大豆蛋白基无甲醛胶黏剂、淀粉基无甲醛胶黏剂、木质素基无甲醛胶黏剂的国内外研究现状,并对其存在的问题及解决对策进行了分析,同时,对无甲醛胶黏剂的前景进行了展望,以期为生物质基无甲醛胶黏剂在木材加工领域的应用提供参考。
Most wood adhesives are prepared from petroleum-based polymers nowadays. However, with the depletion of the petroleum resources, environmental damage and increasing concern for the toxic volatile substances from adhesives, it is necessary to find renewable alternatives to prepare formaldehyde-free wood adhesives. The research on using low cost and renewable resources to develop environmentally friendly adhesives has become the development focus in the wood adhesive industry. Although compared with the traditional urea-formaldehyde resin and phenolic resin, the mechanical properties and water resistance of biomass-based wood adhesive still need to be improved, so the investigation of the modification of wood formaldehyde adhesives has great scientific significance and application prospect. Starch and soybean are common natural polymer materials due to their great advantages, such as abundant resource, low cost, biodegradable and renewable, which are becoming more and more attractive in the field of adhesive research and production. However, the starch and soy protein-based adhesives have some drawbacks, such as poor water-resistance, poor mobility, easy to mold and poor storage stability. Therefore, the physical or chemical modification is necessary to improve its performance to meet the industrial requirements. As a by-product of the pulping process, lignin is also a renewable product abundant in nature, and it has great potential being utilized for resins and composites. By using these biomass resources, instead of petroleum resources, to prepare formaldehyde-free adhesives can not only ease the oil crisis, but also promote the coordinated development of biomass energy and green environmental protection in the wood-based panel industry. This review focused on the recent research progress of biomass-based formaldehyde-free wood adhesives, including soy protein-based adhesives, starch-based adhesives, formaldehyde-free lignin-based adhesives were introduced. It stated the advantages and disadvantages of the adhesives and the research of the agents in the domestic and overseas markets in the recent years. Meanwhile, the existing problems and future development trend were also pointed out