|
|
- 2018
车轮非圆化磨耗问题研究进展
|
Abstract:
高速铁路在我国迅速的发展，显著改善了人民的出行方式和质量，大幅度缩短了出行周期，充分提高了工作效率.我国的高速铁路网已成为"国民经济建设高速发展的大动脉"，但运营中的高速列车车轮因连续磨耗和定期的镟修，轮径不断缩小且在缩小的不同阶段发生不同程度的非圆化磨损现象，某些阶段还十分严重.列车车轮非圆化磨耗会使轮轨间作用力显著增大，导致铁路车辆和轨道产生强烈的振动和噪声，影响车辆的运行品质、旅客乘坐舒适度和车辆-轨道系统零部件的使用寿命，严重时将会威胁到行车安全.车轮各类非圆化磨耗类型，主要分为局部非圆化磨耗和全周非圆化磨耗，其中局部非圆化磨耗主要包括扁疤、剥离、脱层、塌陷等局部异常磨耗，全周非圆化磨耗主要为车轮多边形磨耗.近几年，在我国各类型高速动车组列车上均发现车轮多边形磨损，在车轮全寿命周期内的不同轮径情况下，多边形磨损的边数（波长）和发展速度不同，已经越来越受到行业内相关研究人员的重视.文章详细地综述了国内外对铁路车辆车轮非圆化磨耗的研究历史和现状，涉及到相关研究文献75篇，对车轮非圆化磨耗的研究主要分为3个方面：（1）车轮非圆化磨耗对车辆/轨道系统动力学行为、车辆噪声的影响研究，大量研究表明车轮非圆化幅值、波长、车速和轴重等因素对车辆/轨道系统动力学行为和车辆噪声均有显著的影响.（2）列车车轮非圆化磨耗发展规律研究和列车车轮多边形磨耗机理研究.车轮多边形磨耗产生的根源在于转向架系统的高频柔性共振，系统的共振频率、列车速度和车轮的周长在满足一定的条件下，车轮多边形磨耗发展速率较高，轮轨滚动接触界面严重的不平顺激励，将促使多边形磨损萌生和发展.到目前为止，对于车轮多边形磨耗发生和发展的机理，国内外仍众说纷纭，未达成共识，尚待开展进一步的研究工作.（3）列车车轮非圆化磨耗检测技术相关研究.最后，对该领域今后的研究方向进行了展望：发展车辆轨道刚柔耦合动力学模型再现车轮多边形演化过程，多边形形成的机理；通过改变运营方式来抑制多边形发展速率；研究车轮智能踏面修形器来消除或抑制车轮多边形的发展.
：The rapid development of high-speed railway in China has significantly improved travel, and thus, people's quality of life. Travel times have been greatly shortened and work efficiency has improved considerably. China's high-speed railway network is becoming a "great artery for the rapid development of national economy". However, the wheel diameter of the high-speed trains in operation continues to decrease due to abrasion and reprofiling. At various stages of diameter reduction, varying degrees of polygonal wear occur. At some stages, polygonal wear is severe and significantly increases the forces between the wheel and rail, resulting in strong vibration and noise in railway vehicles and tracks. This problem affects the quality of the train operation, passenger comfort, and the service life of the vehicle and track components. Serious so-called out-of-roundness wear can even threaten the operational safety of a train. In this paper, the types of out-of-roundness wear are introduced. They are mainly divided into two typeslocal out-of-roundness wear and out-of-roundness wear along with the entire rolling circle of the wheel. Local out-of-roundness wear includes wheel flats, spalling, shelling, squatting, and other local defects. Polygonal wear, which is commonly observed on the wheels of various recent high-speed trains, is another type of out-of-roundness wear. In the lifecycle of a wheel, its diameter decreases due to wear and reprofiling, and
| [1] | JOHANSSON A, NIELSEN J C O. Out-of-round railway wheels-wheel-rail contact forces and track response derived from field tests and numerical simulations[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2003, 217(2):135-146. |
| [2] | JOHANSSON A. Out-of-round railway wheels-a study of wheel polygonalization through simulation of 3D wheel-rail interaction and wear[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2005, 43(8):539-559. |
| [3] | BRACCIALI A, CASCINI G, PIERALLY M. A wheelflat detection device based on cepstrum analysis of rail acceleration measurements[C]//In Proceedings of World Congress on Railway Research. Florence:[s.n.], 1997:512-521. |
| [4] | FELLER H G, WALF K. Surface analysis of corrugated rail treads[J]. Wear, 1991, 144(1/2):153-161. |
| [5] | JENKINS H H, STEPHENSON J E, CLAYTON G A, et al. The effect of track and vehicle parameters on wheel/rail vertical dynamic forces[J]. Railway Engineering Journal, 1974, 3(1):2-16. |
| [6] | CAI Z, RAYMOND G P. Modelling the dynamic response of railway track to wheel/rail impact loading[J]. Structural Engineering. and Mechanics, 1994, 2(1):95-112. |
| [7] | WU Xingwen, CHI Maoru, WU Pingbo. Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheelset axle stress[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2015, 53(11):1535-1554. |
| [8] | 吴磊,钟硕乔,金学松,等. 车轮多边形化对车辆运行安全性能的影响[J]. 交通运输工程学报,2011(3):47-54.WU Lei, ZHONG Shuoqiao, JIN Xuesong, et al. Influence of polygonal wheel on running safety of vehicle[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2011(3):47-54. |
| [9] | THOMPSON D J. Experimental validation of the twins prediction program for rolling noise, park 2:results[J]. Journal of Sound & Vibration,1996, 193(1):123-135. |
| [10] | 王兴宇,范军. 高速列车车内噪声与车轮不圆顺关系的研究[J]. 铁道学报,2013,35(9):14-18.WANG Xingyu, FAN Jun. Research on relation between interior noises and out-of-round wheels of high-speed EMU[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2013, 35(9):14-18. |
| [11] | VOHLA G. Large rotations of elastic bodies in linearized formulations of multibody dynamics (abstract)[C]//In Proceedings CISS-First Joint Conference of International Simulation Societies Proceedings. Zurich:[s.n.], 1994:1-10. |
| [12] | JIN Xuesong, WU Lei, FANG Jianying, et al. An investigation into the mechanism of the polygonal wear of metro train wheels and its effect on the dynamic behaviour of a wheel/rail system[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2012, 50(12):1817-1834. |
| [13] | 洪燎,沈钢. 便携式轨道车辆车轮不圆度及直径测量装置[J]. 城市轨道交通研究,2009,12(2):53-55.HONG Liao, SHEN Gang. A portable measuring device for circular profile and wheel diameter[J]. Urban Mass Transit, 2009, 12(2):53-55. |
| [14] | DONATO P G, URE？A J, MAZO M, et al. Train wheel detection without electronic equipment near the rail line[C]//Intelligent Vehicles Symposium. Parma:IEEE, 2004:876-880. |
| [15] | 吴开华,张建华,黄佐华. 机车轮对踏面磨耗的非接触光电检测方法研究[J].光电子·激光, 2005, 16(3):332-335.WU Kaihua, ZHANG Jianhua, HUANG Zuosheng. Research on measurement of wheel set tread wear by non-contact optoelectronic detecting method[J]. Journal of Optoelectronic Laser, 2005, 16(3):332-335. |
| [16] | NIELSEN J C O, LUNDEN R, JOHANSSON A, et al. Train-track interaction and mechanisms of irregular wear on wheel and rail surfaces[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2003, 40(1/2/3):3-54. |
| [17] | KALAY S F, HARGROVE M B. Research, test and development-examining the economics of high-impact wheel loads[J]. Railway Track and Struct, 1994, 2(1):29-33. |
| [18] | AHLBECK D R. A study of dynamic impact load effects due to railroad wheel profile roughness[C]//In Proceedings of 10th IAVSD Symposium. Prague:[s.n.], 1987:13-16. |
| [19] | AHLBECK D R, HADDEN J A. Measurement and prediction of impact loads from worn railroad wheel and rail surface profiles[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1985, 107:197. |
| [20] | 罗仁,曾京,邬平波,等. 高速列车车轮不圆顺磨耗仿真及分析[J]. 铁道学报,2010,32(5):30-35.LUO Ren, ZENG Jing, WU Pingbo, et al. Simulation and analysis of wheel out-of-roundness wear of high-speed train[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2010, 32(5):30-35. |
| [21] | ZHANG Jie, HAN Guangxu, XIAO Xinbiao, et al. Influence of wheel polygonal wear on interior noise of high-speed trains[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University science A, 2014, 15(12):1002-1018. |
| [22] | MORYS B, KUNTZE H B. Simulation analysis and active compensation of the out-of-round phenomena at wheels of high speed trains[C]//In Proceedings of World Congress on Railway Research. Florence:[s.n.], 1997:95-105. |
| [23] | 沈钢,黎冠中,李小江,等. 轮轨踏面外形的实际测量及几何接触的进一步研究[J]. 铁道学报,1999(5):24-28.SHEN Gang, LI Guanzhong, LI Xiaojiang, et al. Measurement of wheel/rail profiles using an auto-scanning device[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 1999(5):24-28. |
| [24] | 金学松,李霞,李伟,等. 铁路钢轨波浪形磨损研究进展[J]. 西南交通大学学报,2016,51(2):264-273.JIN Xuesong, LI Xia, LI Wei, et al. Review of rail corrugation progress[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2016, 51(2):264-273. |
| [25] | 牛牧笛,冯其波,陈士谦. 列车轮对在线动态测量方法的评述[J]. 铁道机车车辆,2006,26(2):32-35.NIU Mudi, FENG Qibo, CHEN Shiqian. Research of dynamic measurement method to wheelset of trains online[J]. Railway Locomotive & Car, 2006, 26(2):32-35. |
| [26] | 张雪珊,肖新标,金学松. 高速车轮椭圆化问题及其对车辆横向稳定性的影响[J]. 机械工程学报,2008,44(3):50-56.ZHANG Xueshan, XIAO Xinbiao, JIN Xuesong. Influence of high speed railway wheels ovalization on vehicle lateral stability[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2008, 44(3):50-56. |
| [27] | TAJADDINI A, KALAY S F. Time to revise wheel-removal rules[J]. Railway Age, 1995, 196(9):93-96. |
| [28] | STONE D H, KALAY S F, TAJADDINI A. Statistical behaviour of wheel impact load detectors to various wheel defects[C]//In Proceedings of 10th International Wheelset Congress. Sydney:[s.n.], 1992:9-13. |
| [29] | HIGGINS R L, OTTER D E, MAITINI R W. High accuracy load measuring wheelset[C]//In Proceedings of 10th International Wheelset Congress. Sydney:[s.n.], 1992:181-188. |
| [30] | 宋颖. 高速车轮失圆对轮轨动力作用的影响及其监测方法研究[D]. 北京:北京交通大学,2010. |
| [31] | STRATMAN B, LIU Y, MAHADEVAN S. Structural health monitoring of railroad wheels using wheel impact load detectors[J]. Journal of failure analysis and prevention, 2007, 7(3):218-225. |
| [32] | KNOTHE K, GRASSIE S L. Modelling of railway track and vehicle/track interaction at high frequencies[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 1993, 22(3/4):209-262. |
| [33] | NIELSEN J C O. Train/track interaction-coupling of moving and stationary dynamic systems-theoretical and experimental analysis of railway structures considering wheel and track imperfections[D]. G？teborg:Chalmers University of Technology, 1993. |
| [34] | 翟婉明. 车辆-轨道耦合动力学[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2015:41-46. |
| [35] | DONG R G, SANKAR S. The characteristics of impact loads due to wheel tread defects[J]. RTD Rail Transpn. ASME, 1994, 8:23-30. |
| [36] | 韩光旭. 高速列车车轮非圆化对振动噪声的影响及演变规律研究[D]. 成都:西南交通大学,2015. |
| [37] | MORYS B. Enlargement of out-of-round wheel profiles on high speed trains[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1999, 227(5):965-978. |
| [38] | MORYS B. Investigation on vibration in ICE-wheelsets caused by unbalanced masses at high speeds[C]//In Proceedings of 1st ADAMS/Rail Users' Meeting. Utrecht:[s.n.], 1996:2-13. |
| [39] | FRISCHMUTH K. Rail-wheel contact, dynamical simulation and damage[J].In Enironmental and Damage Mechanics, 1997, 10:1-8. |
| [40] | FRISCHMUTH K, LANGEMANN D. Numerical analysis of long-term wear models[C]//In Proceedings of 5th Polish-German Workshop on the Dynamical Problems in Mechanical Systems, Zakopane. Poland:[s.n.], 1997:2-10. |
| [41] | LI Ling, XIAO Xinbiao, JIN Xuesong. Interaction of subway LIM vehicle with ballasted track in polygonal wheel wear development[J]. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2011, 27(2):297-307. |
| [42] | 李伟,李言义,张雄飞,等. 地铁车辆车轮多边形的机理分析[J]. 机械工程学报,2013,49(18):17-22.LI Wei, LI Yanyi, ZHANG Xiongfei, et al. Mechanism of the polygonal wear of metro train wheels[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 49(18):17-22. |
| [43] | FERMER M. Railway wheels-theory, experiments and design considering temperatures, stresses and deformations as induced by braking loads and contact forces[D]. G？teborg:Chalmers University of Technology, 1993. |
| [44] | VERNERSSON K. Thermally induced roughness of tread braked railway wheels. part1:brake rig experiments, and part 2:modeling and field measurements[J]. Wear, 1999, 236:96-116. |
| [45] | KAPER H P. Wheel corrugation on Netherlands railways (NS):origin and effects of "polygonization"in particular[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1988, 120(2):267-274. |
| [46] | 圣小珍,雷晓燕. 欧洲铁路轮轨噪声研究概况[J]. 铁道工程学报,2001,18(2):51-55. |
| [47] | HEMSWORTH B. Recent developments in wheel/rail noise research[J]. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 1979, 66(3):297-310. |
| [48] | 韩光旭,张捷,肖新标,等. 高速动车组车内异常振动噪声特性与车轮非圆化关系研究[J]. 机械工程学报,2014,50(22):113-121.HAN Guangxu, ZHANG Jie, XIAO Xinbiao, et al. Study on high-speed train abnormal interior vibration and noise related to wheel roughness[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 50(22):113-121. |
| [49] | JOHANSSON A. Out-of-round railway wheels-literature survey, field tests and numerical simulations[D]. G？teborg:Chalmers University of Technology, 2003. |
| [50] | BRACCIALI A, CASCINI G. Detection of corrugation and wheel flats of railway wheels using energy and cepstrum analysis of rail acceleration[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 1997, 211(2):109-116. |
| [51] | RODE W, MULLER D, VILLMAN J. Results of DB AG investigations ‘out-of-round wheels’ in proceedings of corrugation symposium-extended abstracts[C]//IFV Bahntechnik. Berlin:[s.n.], 1997:39-55. |
| [52] | PALLGEN G. Unrunde rader an eisenbahnfahraeugen[J]. Der Eisenbahningenieur, 1998, 49(1):56-60. |
| [53] | JOHANSSON A, ANDERSSON C. Out-of-round railway wheels-a study of wheel polygnoalization through simulation of three-dimensional wheel-rail interaction and wear[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2005, 43(8):539-559. |
| [54] | FAKHRAEIROUDSARI F. Spatial, temporal and size distribution of freight train time delay in Sweden[D]. Stockholm:KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 2011. |
| [55] | KALAY S, TAJADDINI A, REINSCHMIDT A, et al. Development of performance-based wheel-removal criteria for North American railroads[C]//In Proceedings of 11th International Wheelset Congress. Pairs:[s.n.], 1995:227-233. |
| [56] | NEWTON S G, CLARK R A. An investigation into the dynamic effects on the track of wheel flats on railway vehicles[J]. ARCHIVE Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1979, 21(4):287-297. |
| [57] | CAI Z, RAYMOND G P. Theoretical model for dynamic wheel/rail and track interaction[C]//In Proceedings of 10th International Wheelset Congress. Sydney:[s.n.], 1992:127-131. |
| [58] | DONG R, SANKAR S, DUKKIPATI R V. On the prediction of railway wheel/rail impact loads[C]//In Proceedings of International Symposium on Technological Innovation in Guided Transports. Lille:[s.n.], 1993:859-869. |
| [59] | 韩光旭,温泽峰,张捷,等. 车轮非圆化对高速列车振动噪声的影响[J]. 噪声与振动控制,2014,34(4):10-13.HAN Guangxu, WEN Zefeng, ZHANG Jie, et al. Influence of out-of-roundness of wheels of high-speed trains on interior vibration and noise[J]. Noise and Vibration Control, 2014, 34(4):10-13. |
| [60] | ZOBORY I. Prediction of wheel/rail profile wear[J]. Vehicle System Dynamics, 1997, 28:221-259. |
| [61] | MEINKE P, MEINKE S, SZOC T. On dynamics of rotating wheel/rail systems in a medium frequency range[C]//4th German-polish workshop on dynamical problems in mechanical systems. Berlin:[s.n.], 1996:2-12. |
| [62] | MEYWERK M. Polygonalizaiton railway wheels[J]. Archive of Applied Mechanics, 1999, 69(2):102-120. |
| [63] | AHLBECK D R, HARRISON H D. The effects of wheel/rail impact loading due to wheel tread run out profile[C]//In Proceedings of 9th International Wheelset Congress. Montreal:[s.n.], 1988:6.1.1-6.1.6. |
| [64] | 李玲. 车轮多边形化对直线电机车辆动力学行为的影响[D]. 成都:西南交通大学,2010. |
| [65] | MORYS B, KUNTZE H B, HIRSCh U. Investigation of origin and enlargement of out-of-round phenomena in high speed ICE-wheelsets[C]//In Proceedings of 10th European ADAMS Users'Conference. Frankfurt:[s.n.], 1995:2-14. |
| [66] | SOUA B, PASCAL G P. Computation of 3D wear of the wheels in a high speed bogie[C]//Report INRETS-LTN. Arcueil:[s.n.], 1995:21-40. |
| [67] | VOHLA G, BRAUCHLI H. A wheel/rail contact module for a realistic simulation of the running behavior of railway vehicles[C]//In Proceedings of ESM'96, 10th European Simulation Multi Conference. Budapest:[s.n.], 1996:2-9. |
| [68] | 陈光雄,金学松,邬平波,等. 车轮多边形磨耗机理的有限元研究[J]. 铁道学报,2011,33(1):14-18.CHEN Guangxiong, JIN Xuesong, WU Pingbo, et al. Finite element study on the generation mechanism of polygonal wear of railway wheels[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society, 2011, 33(1):14-18. |
| [69] | 张渝,王黎. 国内外车轮踏面损伤检测技术综述[J]. 机车车辆工艺,2002(1):1-4.ZHANG Yu, WANG Li. A review of wheel tread damage detection technologies in and out of China[J]. Locomotive & Rolling Stock Technology, 2002(1):1-4. |
| [70] | ZAKHAROV S M, ZHAROV I A. Criteria of bogie performance and wheel/rail wear prediction based on wayside measurements[J]. Wear, 2005, 258(7):1135-1141. |
| [71] | WAUBKE H, THUMMEL T, MAYR G, et al. Track measuring point detects out-of-round wheels for condition-oriented maintenance of rail vehicles[J]. Zev Und Det Glasers Annalen, 2000, 124(9):496-502. |
| [72] | 金学松,杜星,郭俊,等. 钢轨打磨技术研究进展[J]. 西南交通大学学报,2010,45(1):1-11.JIN Xuesong, DU Xing, GUO Jun, et al. State of arts of research on rail grinding[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2010, 45(1):1-11. |
| [73] | 熊嘉阳,邓永权,曹亚博,等. 重载铁路轮轨磨耗及其对安全运行的影响[J]. 西南交通大学学报,2014,49(2):302-309.XIONG Jiayang, DENG Yongquan, CAO Yabo, et al. Wheel-rail wear on haul lines and its influences on running stability of trains[J]. Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University, 2014, 49(2):302-309. |
| [74] | NIELSEN J C O, JOHANSSON A. Out-of-round railway wheelsa literature survey[J]. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F:Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, 2000, 214(2):79-91. |
| [75] | MORYS B, KUNTZE H.B. Entstehung und ausregelung von strukturschwingungen bei hochgeschwindigkeitszue-gen, verursacht durch radunrundheiten[J]. VDI berichte, 1996, 1282:449-460. |
