劳动力流动与工资收入差距：理论和实证分析
Labor Mobility and Salary Disparity：Theoretical and Empirical Analysis

摘要 文章根据我国社会保险制度区域分割的特点，分析了我国外地劳动力与本地劳动力工资收入差距出现的新变化，并基于流动状态构造了3类劳动力群体，采用中国综合社会调查（2010~2013年）数据和倾向值匹配法（PSM）进行了实证研究。研究发现：相比本地劳动力，区外流动劳动力的工资收入高出了26%，其中的11%来源于流动带来的人力资本优势，15%来源于让渡社会保险权利换取较高工资收入的“权利置换”收益。这说明，我国劳动力市场在工资收入层面已不存在对外地劳动力的歧视，反而外地劳动力还具有一定的工资收入优势，但这种优势主要是以失去收入安全保障为代价的，因而需要更多地关注外地劳动力在社会保险福利上的损失，进一步提高社会保险的统筹层次。
Abstract：According to the characteristics of regional division of China's social insurance system，this paper analyzes the new changes in the salary disparity between the migrant labors and the local labors.Based on the Chinese General Social Survey data (2010-2013) and propensity score matching (PSM) method，three types of labor groups categorized by the flow status are compared and analyzed.The results show that，the average salary income of migrant laborers is higher by 26% than that of the local laborers.The proportion can be roughly divided into 11% of the human capital advantage brought by the labor flow and 15% of the converted earnings by surrendering social insurance rights to achieve higher salary，which could be called “rights replacement”.Therefore，there is no discrimination against migrant labors in the aspect of salary income.On the contrary，they have some advantages in salary income.However，the higher salary income of the migrant labors is at the expense of losing income security.That is why we need to pay more attention to the loss of social insurance benefits for migrant labors，and further improve the overall level of social insurance.