农村留守儿童焦虑情绪的异质性:基于潜在剖面分析
Heterogeneity in Anxiety Felt by Left-behind Children in Rural Areas: Based on Latent Profile Analysis

采用中学生心理健康诊断量表（MHT）对湖南省1292名留守儿童的焦虑情绪进行施测，并用潜在剖面分析方法探究留守儿童的焦虑情绪问题是否存在异质性，以及留守儿童相关的人口学因素对焦虑情绪异质性的作用机制。结果发现，留守儿童的焦虑情绪存在明显的异质性，可以分为三种潜在类别：“严重焦虑情绪型”、“中等程度焦虑情绪型”和“低焦虑情绪型”；留守男生、小学五年级、高中二年级、留守时间越长、留守初始年龄越小的留守儿童更容易焦虑情绪严重；无论是父亲外出、母亲外出还是双亲外出对留守儿童的焦虑情绪严重性的影响是一致的。由此，应根据留守儿童的性别、年级、留守时长和留守的初始年龄等情况特点，开展针对性的预防和干预措施，缓解留守儿童焦虑。
The Mental Health Diagnostic Scale (MHT) was adopted to test the mood of anxiety in 1292 left-behind children in Hunan Province and the method of latent profile analysis was employed to investigate whether or not heterogeneous population exist in left-behind children in terms of anxiety and to probe into factors associated with different groups. Results show that heterogeneity exists in anxiety felt by left-behind children, and that the anxiety can be categorized into three types, namely, serious anxiety, intermediate anxiety, and low anxiety. More anxiety is to be found in groups such as left-behind boys, left-behind children of Grade Five in elementary schools and of Grade Two in senior high schools, children left behind for longer time, and children left behind in earlier ages. The absence of either parent or both parents has the same impact on the anxiety felt by the left-behind children. Therefore, specific prevention and intervention measures should be adopted to alleviate the anxiety felt by left-behind children according to the child's gender, school grade, length of time of being left behind, and initial age of being left behind.