透水铺装材料湿物理性质测定
Measurment of hygric properties of porous paving materials

为获取典型透水铺装材料的湿物理性质，以用于进行透水铺装热湿传递计算，进而科学评价其蒸发降温效果。以中国居住区广泛使用的3种透水铺装材料：烧结陶瓷透水砖（TC）、再生骨料混凝土透水砖（ZS）和普通透水砖（PT）为研究对象，参考相关标准，采用真空饱和实验测试了透水铺装材料的表观密度ρ、开放孔隙率φ及真空饱和含湿量wvac；采用单面浸泡实验测试了毛细饱和含湿量wcap及吸水系数A；采用渗透实验测试了其渗透系数kT。通过对测试结果进行误差分析，建立了透水铺装材料与液态水相关的湿物理性质数据库。通过对比3种材料测试数据发现：保水性能方面，ZS最优、PT次之、TC最差；吸水性能方面，TC最优、PT次之、ZS最低，表明材料保水与吸水性能并非正相关；渗透性能方面，TC性能最优、PT次之、ZS最弱，在满足渗透性能的前提下，PT最有利于吸水后的蒸发降温。
In order to obtain the hygric properties of typical porous paving materials for calculating heat and moisture transfer and evaluating its effect of evaporation cooling scientifically, three widely used porous paving materials, including sintered ceramic porous brick (TC), recycled aggregate concrete porous brick (ZS) and ordinary porous brick (PT) were selected, Firstly, referring to relevant standards at home and abroad, the apparent density ρ, open porosity φ and vacuum saturation moisture content wvac of the porous bricks were tested by vacuum saturation test; the capillary water content wcap and the water absorption coefficient A of the porous bricks were tested; the permeability coefficient kT was tested by Darcy flow experiment. The hygric properties of porous bricks were initially established based on the error analysis of the test results. Through comparing with the test data, for water retention performance, ZS is the best, PT follows, TC is the worst; while, for water absorption performance, TC is optimal, PT follows, ZS is the minimum, showing that water retention and water absorption performance have not positively related; for permeability performance, TC is the optimal, PT follows, ZS is the weakest, on the premise of meeting the permeability, PT brick is the most conducive to the evaporation after water absorption.