谁活跃在农村信贷市场：穷人还是富人？
Who is Active in the Rural Credit Market：the Poor or the Rich？

基于2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查数据，本文使用Heckman两阶段选择模型对农村信贷市场的活跃主体进行了实证研究。结果显示，经济水平较低者即穷人是农村正规信贷市场和非正规信贷市场的主要活跃主体，穷人发生整体借贷、正规借贷和非正规借贷的可能性更高。为了缓解农村贫困农户的信贷约束，助力普惠金融精准扶贫，国家需要完善直接扶贫的普惠金融服务，创新间接扶贫的普惠金融服务，加强风险防控，优化农村金融环境。
Based on the data from "China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study" in 2013, we study the active subject of rural credit market by using Heckman two stage selection models. The results indicate that the lower levels of the economy, i.e. the poor are the main active part of the formal credit market and the informal credit market. Poor people are more likely to have overall borrowing, formal lending and informal borrowing. To alleviate the credit restriction of rural poor farmers and further advance inclusive finance and targeted poverty alleviation, it is necessary to perfect inclusive financial services for direct poverty alleviation and innovate inclusive financial services for indirect poverty alleviation, strengthening risk prevention and control, optimizing the rural financial environment.