氮磷配施对冬小麦干物质积累、分配及产量的影响
Effects of Nitrogen-phosphorus-combined Application on Characteristics of Dry Matter Accumulation,Distribution and Yield of Winter Wheat

为了探究氮磷配施对小麦干物质向籽粒分配的调控效应，以高产小麦品种‘鲁原502’为试验材料，比较不同氮磷处理干物质积累、分配、产量及构成因素等性状差异。结果表明，适量增加施氮量和施磷量可促进小麦起身期至成熟期干物质积累以及开花期、成熟期干物质向营养器官的分配，对越冬前干物质积累量无显著影响。增加施氮量可提高花前营养器官贮藏同化物转运量、花后同化物输入籽粒量以及对籽粒贡献率，同时降低花前营养器官总转运量对籽粒贡献率；增加施磷量则可提高花前营养器官贮藏同化物总转运量以及花后同化物输入籽粒量。增加施氮量和施磷量均可提高小麦穗数、穗粒数，进而增加产量。研究结果表明， 240 kg·hm-2 N、100 kg·hm-2 P2O5（N2P2）处理可作为黄淮麦区干物质积累分配及获得高产的施肥参考。
In order to explore regulation effects of nitrogen and phosphorus application on characteristics of dry matter distribution to grain,the high-yield wheat cultivar ‘Luyuan 502’ was chosen as experimental material to examine characteristics of dry matter accumulation,distribution and grain yield and yield components.The results showed that dry matter accumulation from erecting to maturity stage was promoted with appropriate application of nitrogen and phosphorus,and so was the distribution of dry matter to vegetative organs at anthesis and maturity stage.Nevertheless,no significant differences were observed at pre-winter stage.Pre-anthesis reserves from vegetative organ,post-anthesis assimilates allocation to grain and contribution rate increased with appropriate application of nitrogen,as opposed to contribution rate of pre-anthesis reserves.Pre-anthesis reserves from vegetative organ and post-anthesis assimilates allocation to grain also increased with appropriate application of phosphorus.With the increase of nitrogen and phosphorus application,spike number,kernels spike increased,and then grain yield was promoted.It was shown that N2P2 is recommended as the fertilizer management reference to optimize dry matter accumulation,distribution and obtain high yield in this region.