苹果新品种‘瑞雪’果实主要特性研究
Study on Fruit Characters of New Apple Variety ‘Ruixue’

‘瑞雪’是西北农林科技大学新培育的黄色晚熟苹果品种，了解该品种的果实特性，可为其栽培和推广提供借鉴。本研究以‘瑞雪’及其母本‘富士’、父本‘粉红女士’，以及2个黄色品种‘金冠’和‘王林’为试验材料，分析各品种果实生长发育期间的品质变化特性及其采后贮藏特性。结果表明：‘瑞雪’单果质量的变化和母本‘富士’接近，在花后105 d日增长量出现高峰；纵、横径的变化和‘粉红女士’一致，在花后125 d横径增长速率最快，果形指数最小，随后果形指数增加；‘瑞雪’在大小及脆度上优于父本‘粉红女士’，接近‘富士’，果形高桩，接近‘粉红女士’，果点密度、果锈指数小于2个黄色对照品种，‘瑞雪’果实套袋后果锈、可溶性固形物质量分数降低，其余性状变化不大；在常温贮藏和0 ℃冷藏条件下，‘瑞雪’失水幅度增大，接近‘粉红女士’，低于‘富士’和‘金冠’，果实硬度在贮藏过程中始终保持较高水平，可溶性固形物质量分数先上升后下降，出现最高点时间与‘粉红女士’接近，晚于‘富士’，可滴定酸质量分数始终低于‘粉红女士’，接近‘富士’。表明‘瑞雪’单果质量和风味接近‘富士’，果形和贮藏性接近‘粉红女士’，具有典型的超亲优势。‘瑞雪’果形端正，果面光洁，酸甜适口，耐贮藏。综合性状优于‘金冠’和‘王林’，接近‘富士’，作为黄色晚熟品种推广。
‘Ruixue’ is a new late-ripening yellow apple cultivar selected by the Northwest A&F University. To understand better fruit characteristics of ‘Ruixue’ could provide the reference for farmers and scientists to cultivate and extend it. In this study,‘Ruixue’ and its female parent ‘Fuji’,male ‘Cripps Pink’,and two yellow cultivars ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Orin’ were used,and the fruit quality traits were analyzed during the fruit ripening and storage. The results showed that the variation of fruit mass of ‘Ruixue’ was similar to ‘Fuji’,and the peak value appeared at 105 days after full bloom. The change of longitudinal and transverse diameter was consistent with ‘Cripps Pink’. The fruit shape index was the smallest at 125 d after full bloom,and then increased gradually. ‘Ruixue’ was superior to the parent ‘Cripps Pink’ in size and crispness,but close to ‘Fuji’. The fruit was cylindric,which was close to ‘Cripps Pink’. Fruit density and rust index were better than ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Orin’. The total soluble solids decreased in the fruit bagging of ‘Ruixue’,and the other traits did not differ significantly. Under the normal temperature of storage and 0 ℃ storage,the water loss of ‘Ruixue’ was close to ‘Cripps Pink’,but lower than ‘Fuji’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. The firmness was always high during storage,the total soluble solids first increased and then declined,the time of highest point close to ‘Cripps Pink’,later than ‘Fuji’. Titratable acid was always lower than the ‘ Cripps Pink’,and close to ‘Fuji’. Combining it together,‘Ruixue’ had the similar fruit mass and flavor to ‘Fuji’,and the fruit shape and storage were close to ‘ Cripps Pink ’,this suggested that ‘Ruixue’ is worthy of extending widely because of its excellent fruit quality. ‘Ruixue’ fruit was cylindric,surface smooth,sweet and sour taste,resistance to storage. Comprehensive traits are better than ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Orin’,close to ‘Fuji’. It has bright future in new late-ripening yellow apple cultivar.