基于旅客时间价值的高速铁路差别定价
Differential pricing for high-speed railway based on the time value of passengers

摘要 针对同一OD间列车票价相同导致上座率不均衡的问题，在综合考虑不同列车间发车时段、旅行时间及舒适度差异性的基础上，构建了基于旅客选择效用最大化的时间价值模型及其列车差别定价模型.利用RP（Revealed Preference）与SP（Stated Preference）组合调查方法获取旅客列车选择数据，并运用极大似然估计方法对旅客时间价值模型进行标定.以北京到西安的高铁列车为对象进行实例分析，结果表明：利用本文模型可以对同一OD间各列车进行差别定价；通过对各列车客流分担率分析可以得出，实施差别价格可以均衡各列车上座率，提高列车能力利用率.为高速铁路列车差别定价及其精细化能力管理提供了优化方法.
Abstract：The same ticket fares for trains running on the same OD cause the unbalance of train attendance. Aiming at the above problem, considering the differences of departure time, travel time and comfort among the different trains, the time value model based on the utility maximization of passenger choice and train differential pricing model are constructed. A combined survey with RP and SP is applied to get the data of train choice. The maximum likelihood estimation method is used to calibrate the passenger time value model. Finally, a case study of high-speed railway trains from Beijing to Xi’an is carried out. The results show that the differential pricing of each train running on the same OD can be obtained using the model in the paper and carrying out the difference price can balance the train attendance of each train and improve the capacity utilization of trains through the analysis of the passenger flow sharing ratio of trains. The proposed model can provide an optimization method for the differential pricing and refinement capacity management of high-speed railway trains.