人力资本、耕地规模与农业生产效率
Human Capital，Land Scale and Agricultural Production Efficiency

人力资本对农业生产效率的影响会因为耕地规模的不同而呈现非线性区间关系，人力资本要发挥出生产率效应，需要一定的经营规模相匹配。具体来说：（1）在农户耕地规模较小时，人力资本对农业生产效率有显著负向作用；在中等规模情况下，人力资本的影响变得不显著；进入大规模经营后，人力资本显现出显著的促进效应。（2）狭小的农业耕地规模限制了教育投资的合理回报率，导致劳动力的选择性转移，通过扩大农业经营规模，可以避免农村人力资本的浅化。农业经营规模过小，将无力承担和非农产业对等的教育投资回报，农村劳动力的选择性转移使农业生产只能再一次被动接受城市产业“剪刀差”。破除土地制度和户籍制度等妨碍耕地规模扩大的体制性障碍，推动农业适度规模经营，这才是提高我国农业生产效率的有效途径。
Human capital and agricultural production efficiency will show a non linear relationship due to the different land operation scale. The full play of human capital in production urges for a corresponding scale of operation,which could be illustrated by points below. (1) Human capital makes a significant negative effect on the efficiency of agricultural production when the size of farmland is small,and the influence of human capital becomes insignificant in the intermediate scale. In case of the large-scale operation,human capital shows a significant effect of promoting. (2) The limited size of farmland confines the reasonable rate of return from education investment,thus resulting in the selective transfer of the labor force. But an expanding scale of agricultural operation could convert the reduction of human capital. The agricultural production has to accept the “scissors” of city industries again because of the selective transfer of rural labor forces,which could be attributed to the limited scale of agricultural operation. The fundamental way to raise the efficiency of agricultural production in China is to break the land system,the household registration system and other institutional barriers to the expansion of farmland scale,and to promote the moderate scale management of agriculture.