工具理性：精准扶贫实践困境的一个伦理学解释——基于我国中部地区Z村的调查
Instrumental Rationality: An Ethical Interpretation of Predicament of Precision Poverty Alleviation——An Investigation Based on Z Village in Central China

结合对我国中部地区Z村的调查，从伦理学视角对精准扶贫实践过程进行研究，发现工具理性超越价值理性是导致精准扶贫基层实践困境的重要原因。工具理性的形式合理性导致了在农村场域中扶贫干部与贫困户关系松散的境地。政策的效率优先逻辑弱化了政策的公平属性，考核的数字化挤压了扶贫干部的工作成效，政策的形式合理性以及政策的工具化认知，致使精准扶贫陷入实践困境，出现了地方政府、村干部与贫困户共谋和贫困户对政策的福利依赖，精准扶贫实践困境进一步凸显。在此基础上提出，在国家政策嵌入到农村社区网络的过程中，谨防工具理性对价值理性的僭越，弱化工具理性是精准扶贫高效实践的有效方式，也是实现农村社区治理良性运作的重要途径。
Based on the investigation of Z village in central China,this paper studies the practice of precision poverty alleviation from the perspective of ethics and finds that the important reason for the practical difficulties of precision poverty alleviation at the grassroots level is that instrumental rationality surpasses value rationality. The rationality of instrumental rationality leads to the loosening of the relationship between poverty alleviation cadres and poor households in rural areas. The priority of policy efficiency weakens the fairness of the policy. and the digitalization of the examination squeezes the achievements of the poverty alleviation cadres,the rationality of the policy and the instrumental awareness of the policy result in the plight of precision poverty alleviation so that local governments,village cadres and the poor households will conspire and poor households depend much on welfare of the policy,which further highlights the difficulties of precision poverty alleviation. Consequently,this paper points out that in the process of embedding the national policy into the rural community network,weakening the instrumental rationality is an effective way to improve the high efficiency of precision poverty alleviation and realize the healthy operation of rural community governance.