全部 标题 作者
关键词 摘要

OALib Journal期刊
ISSN: 2333-9721
费用:99美元

查看量下载量

相关文章

更多...

Seasonal Influence in Traffic-Related Air Pollutants Concentrations in Urban Parks from Porto Alegre, Brazil

DOI: 10.4236/ojap.2019.84005, PP. 96-107

Keywords: Air Pollution, Environmental Monitoring, Urban Parks, Seasonal Variation

Full-Text   Cite this paper   Add to My Lib

Abstract:

Traffic-related air pollution is an alarming source of pollutants exposure and consequently to the development of several adverse health effects. Otherwise, green spaces are reported to improve health status. Although, in an urban scenario most of these areas are located near air pollutants sources, as vehicle fleet. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine, during one year, the levels of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ozone (O3) in the main parks from Porto Alegre—Brazil. This study focused on three urban parks: Germania, Moinhos de Vento and Marinha do Brasil Park. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone measurements were accessed by passive monitoring in four campaigns including all seasons and performed at distances of 0 m, 15 m, 30 m, 45 m, 60 m and 75 m from the main road at each park. NO2 and O3 concentration among the parks was not different (p > 0.05), as well as the mean concentration of NO2 and O3 of all parks in the six sites did not differ (p > 0.05). However, season 1 and 3 showed increased NO2 and O3 concentration. Temperature were decreased in season 1 and 3 (p < 0.05), while humidity, pressure and insolation showed no difference among seasons (p > 0.05). Traffic flow was higher in Moinhos de Vento Park and Marinha do Brasil Park compared to Germania Park (p < 0.05). Overall, the seasonal variation could directly interfere in NO2 and O3 concentration in urban parks from Porto Alegre.

References

[1]  Leem, J.H., Kim, S.T. and Kim, H.C. (2015) Public-Health Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution for 2(nd) Air Pollution Management Policy in Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea. Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 27, 7.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40557-015-0058-z
[2]  Leung, A.W.Y., Chan, R.S.M., Sea, M.M.M. and Woo, J. (2017) An Overview of Factors Associated with Adherence to Lifestyle Modification Programs for Weight Management in Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14, E922.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080922
[3]  WHO (2016) An Estimated 12.6 Million Deaths Each Year Are Attributable to Unhealthy Environments. Geneva.
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/deaths-attributable-to-unhealthy-environments/en
[4]  Lee, H., Myung, W., Kim, D.K., Kim, S.E., Kim, C.T. and Kim, H. (2017) Short-Term Air Pollution Exposure Aggravates Parkinson’s Disease in a Population-Based Cohort. Scientific Reports, 7, Article No. 44741.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep44741
[5]  Nhung, N.T.T., Amini, H., Schindler, C., Kutlar Joss, M., Dien, T.M., Probst-Hensch, N., et al. (2017) Short-Term Association between Ambient Air Pollution and Pneumonia in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Time-Series and Case-Crossover Studies. Environmental Pollution, 230, 1000-1008.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.063
[6]  Schultz, E.S., Litonjua, A.A. and Melén, E. (2017) Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Lung Function in Children. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 17, 41.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-017-0709-y
[7]  Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, S., Kang, S.H., Kim, H.J., Heo, J., et al. (2017) Cardiovascular Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution: A Population-Based Study with 900 845 Person-Years of Follow-Up. Journal of the American Heart Association, 6, e007170.
https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.007170
[8]  Huang, H.B., Lai, C.H., Chen, G.W., Lin, Y.Y., Jaakkola, J.J., Liou, S.H., et al. (2012) Traffic-Related Air Pollution and DNA Damage: A Longitudinal Study in Taiwanese Traffic Conductors. PLoS ONE, 7, e37412.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037412
[9]  Carlsten, C. and Rider, C.F. (2017) Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Allergic Disease: An Update in the Context of Global Urbanization. Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 17, 85-89.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0000000000000351
[10]  Costa, L.G., Cole, T.B., Coburn, J., Chang, Y.C., Dao, K. and Roqué, P.J. (2017) Neurotoxicity of Traffic-Related Air Pollution. Neurotoxicology, 59, 133-139.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2015.11.008
[11]  Shima, M. (2017) Health Effects of Air Pollution: A Historical Review and Present Status. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi, 72, 159-165.
https://doi.org/10.1265/jjh.72.159
[12]  Chen, S.Y., Chu, D.C., Lee, J.H., Yang, Y.R. and Chan, C.C. (2018) Traffic-Related Air Pollution Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease among Elderly Residents in Taipei City. Environmental Pollution, 234, 838-845.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.11.084
[13]  An, R., Zhang, S., Ji, M. and Guan, C. (2017) Impact of Ambient Air Pollution on Physical Activity among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Perspectives in Public Health, 138, 111-121.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913917726567
[14]  An, R. and Xiang, X. (2015) Ambient Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution and Leisure-Time Physical Inactivity among US Adults. Public Health, 129, 1637-1644.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.07.017
[15]  Atkinson, R.W., Anderson, H.R., Sunyer, J., Ayres, J., Baccini, M., Vonk, J.M., et al. (2001) Acute Effects of Particulate Air Pollution on Respiratory Admissions: Results from APHEA 2 Project. Air Pollution and Health: A European Approach. The American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 164, 1860-1866.
https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.164.10.2010138
[16]  Gent, J.F., Triche, E.W., Holford, T.R., Belanger, K., Bracken, M.B., Beckett, W.S., et al. (2003) Association of Low-Level Ozone and Fine Particles with Respiratory Symptoms in Children with Asthma. JAMA, 290, 1859-1867.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.290.14.1859
[17]  Campbell, M.E., Li, Q., Gingrich, S.E., Macfarlane, R.G. and Cheng, S. (2005) Should People Be Physically Active Outdoors on Smog Alert Days? Canadian Journal of Public Health, 96, 24-28.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03404009
[18]  Nel, A. (2005) Atmosphere. Air Pollution-Related Illness: Effects of Particles. Science, 308, 804-806.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1108752
[19]  Sharman, J.E. (2005) Clinicians Prescribing Exercise: Is Air Pollution a Hazard? Medical Journal of Australia, 182, 606-607.
https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2005.tb06843.x
[20]  de Nazelle, A., Rodríguez, D.A. and Crawford-Brown, D. (2009) The Built Environment and Health: Impacts of Pedestrian-Friendly Designs on Air Pollution Exposure. Science of the Total Environment, 407, 2525-2535.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.01.006
[21]  Nowak, D., Crane, D. and Stevens, J. (2006) Air Pollution Removal by Urban Trees and Shurbs in the United States. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 4, 115-123.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2006.01.007
[22]  Tzoulas, K., Korpela, K., Venn, S., YliPelkonen, V., Kazmierczak, A., Niemela, J., et al. (2007) Promoting Ecosystem and Human Health in Urban Areas Using Green Infrastructure: A Literature Review. Landscape and Urban Planning, 81, 167-178.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2007.02.001
[23]  Jansson, M. (2014) Green Space in Compact Cities: The Benefits and Values of Urban Ecosystem Services in Planning. The Nordic Journal of Architectural Research, 26, 139-160.
[24]  Liu, H.L. and Shen, Y.S. (2014) The Impact of Green Space Changes on Air Pollution and Microclimates: A Case Study of the Taipei Metropolitan Area Sustain. Sustainability, 6, 8827-8855.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su6128827
[25]  Nowak, D.J. and Heisler, G.M. (2010) Air Quality Effects of Urban Trees and Parks. National Recreation and Park Association, Ashburn.
[26]  Gromke, C. and Blocken, B. (2015) Influence of Avenue-Trees on Air Quality at the Urban Neighborhood Scale. Part II: Traffic Pollutant Concentrations at Pedestrian Level. Environmental Pollution, 196, 176-184.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.10.015
[27]  Wania, A., Bruse, M., Blond, N. and Weber, C. (2011) Analysing the Influence of Different Street Vegetation on Traffic-Induced Particle Dispersion Using Microscale Simulations. Journal of Environmental Management, 94, 91-101.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.06.036
[28]  Lodge, J.P.A. (1988) Methods of Air Sampling and Analysis. Lewis Publisher Inc., Chelsea.
[29]  Scheeren, B.A. and Adema, E.H. (1996) Monitoring Ambient Ozone with a Passive Measurement Technique Method, Field Results and Strategy. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 91, 335-350.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00666268
[30]  Custódio, D., Cerqueira, M., Alves, C., Nunes, T., Pio, C., Esteves, V., et al. (2016) A One-Year Record of Carbonaceous Components and Major Ions in Aerosols from an Urban Kerbside Location in Oporto, Portugal. Science of the Total Environment, 562, 822-833.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.04.012
[31]  Hama, S.M.L., Cordell, R.L. and Monks, P.S. (2017) Quantifying Primary and Secondary Source Contributions to Ultrafine Particles in the UK Urban Background. Atmospheric Environment, 166, 62-78.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.07.013
[32]  Wang, Q.J., Nan, Y.S., Li, X., Yu, F., Guo, Y. and Zhang, R. (2017) Carbonaceous Species in PM2.5 and PM10 in Urban Area of Zhengzhou in China: Seasonal Variations and Source Apportionment. Atmospheric Research, 191, 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.02.003
[33]  Cichowicz, R., Wielgosiński, G. and Fetter, W. (2017) Dispersion of Atmospheric Air Pollution in Summer and Winter Season. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189, 605.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6319-2
[34]  Trinh, T.T., Le, T.T., Nguyen, T.D.H. and Tu, B.M. (2018) Temperature Inversion and Air Pollution Relationship, and Its Effects on Human Health in Hanoi City, Vietnam. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 41, 929-937.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-018-0190-0
[35]  McDonald, R., Kroeger, T., Boucher, T., Longzhu, W. and Salem, R. (2016) Planting Healthy Air: A Global Analysis of the Role of Urban Trees in Addressing Particulate Matter Pollution and Extreme Heat. The Nature Conservancy, Arlington County, 136.
[36]  Nowak, D.J., Hirabayashi, S., Bodine, A. and Greenfield, E. (2014) Tree and Forest Effects on Air Quality and Human Health in the United States. Environmental Pollution, 193, 119-129.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.05.028
[37]  Llop, E., Pinho, P., Ribeiro, M.C., Pereira, M.J. and Branquinho, C. (2017) Traffic Represents the Main Source of Pollution in Small Mediterranean Urban Areas as Seen by Lichen Functional Groups. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 12016-12025.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8598-0
[38]  Fleck, A.S., Vieira, M., Amantéa, S.L. and Rhoden, C.R. (2014) A Comparison of the Human Buccal Cell Assay and the Pollen Abortion Assay in Assessing Genotoxicity in an Urban-Rural Gradient. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11, 8825-8838.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph110908825
[39]  Pasquier, A. and Andre, M. (2016) Considering Criteria Related to Spatial Variabilities for the Assessment of Air Pollution from Traffic. 14th World Conference on Transport Research, Shanghai, 10-15 July 2016, Article ID: 01453177.
[40]  Chang, S.Y., Vizuete, W., Valencia, A., Naess, B., Isakov, V., Palma, T., et al. (2015) A Modeling Framework for Characterizing Near-Road Air Pollutant Concentration at Community Scales. Science of the Total Environment, 538, 905-921.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.139
[41]  Zhang, K. and Batterman, S. (2013) Air Pollution and Health Risks Due to Vehicle Traffic. Science of the Total Environment, 450-451, 307-316.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.074

Full-Text

comments powered by Disqus

Contact Us

service@oalib.com

QQ:3279437679

WhatsApp +8615387084133