|
|
淮河上游土壤侵蚀估算与分析
|
Abstract:
基于地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感(RS)技术，利用修正的通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE)模型，计算了2000~2015年的淮河上游息县流域的土壤侵蚀，分析了土壤侵蚀的时空变化特征。研究表明：近15年来？ ？ ？植被覆盖管理因子和水土保持措施因子基本呈现减小的趋势。主要受降水侵蚀因子的影响，流域土壤侵蚀模数总体呈减小趋势。土壤侵蚀强度主要以微弱侵蚀为主，占总面积的92.49%，主要发生在高程在300 m以下或坡度在15？以下的区域。
Based on Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE), Geographic Information Systems (GIS)and (Remote Sensing) RS spatial analysis techniques, this study calculated the soil erosion modulus in Xixian Watershed of the upstream of Huaihe River from 2000 to 2015, and analyzed the spatial and temporal changes of soil erosion intensity. The results indicated that vegetation cover management factor soil and water conservation support practice factor showed a decreasing trend in the past 15 years. The soil erosion modulus decreased in the main influence factor of rainfall erosivity. The soil erosion in this region as a whole was dominantly trivial in degree with 92.49%, mainly in the regions below 300 m in elevation or 15？ in gradient.
| [1] | 张洪江. 土壤侵蚀原理[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社, 2005. |
| [2] | 陈杰, 檀满枝, 陈晶中, 等. 严重威胁可持续发展的土壤退化问题[J]. 地球科学进展, 2002, 17(5): 91-99. |
| [3] | 张鲁, 周跃, 张丽彤. 国内外土地利用与土壤侵蚀关系的研究现状与展望[J]. 水土保持研究, 2008, 15(3): 43-48. |
| [4] | 杨子生, 刘随彦, 等. 金沙江下游近40年来土壤侵蚀变化: 以云南彝良为例[J]. 山地学报, 2005, 23(2): 144-152. |
| [5] | 张光辉. 土壤侵蚀模型研究现状与展望[J]. 水科学进展, 2002, 13(3): 389-396. |
| [6] | 潘美慧, 伍永秋, 任斐鹏, 等. 基于USLE的东江流域土壤侵蚀量估算[J]. 自然资源学报, 2010, 25(12): 160-170. |
| [7] | Renard, K.G., Foster, G.R., Weesies, G.A., et al. (1997) Pre-dicting Soil Erosion by Water: A Guide to Conservation Planning with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). USDA Handbook, No. 537. |
| [8] | Liu, B.Y., Zhang, K.L. and Xie, Y. (2002) An Empirical Soil Loss Equa-tion. In: Proceedings 12th International Soil Conservation Organization Conference, Vol. 1: Process of Soil Erosion and Its Environment Effect, Tsinghua University Press, Beijing, 21-25. |
| [9] | 刘宝元, 史培军, 等. WEPP水蚀预报流域模型[J]. 水土保持通报, 1998, 18(5): 6-12. |
| [10] | Morgan, R.P.C., Quinton, J.N., Smith, R.E., et al. (1998) The European Soil Erosion Model (EUROSEM): A Dynamic Approach for Predicting Sediment Transport from Fields and Small Catchments. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 23, 527-544. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9837(199806)23:6<527::AID-ESP868>3.0.CO;2-5 |
| [11] | 赵明松, 李德成, 张甘霖, 等. 基于RUSLE模型的安徽省土壤侵蚀及其养分流失评估[J]. 土壤学报, 2016, 53(1): 28-38. |
| [12] | 康松鹤, 刘建祥, 刘志明, 等. 基于RUSLE模型的黑龙江省克东县土壤侵蚀研究[J]. 水土保持, 2017, 5(4): 29-38. |
| [13] | Zhang, H., Zhang, R., Qi, F., et al. (2018) The CSLE Model Based Soil Erosion Prediction: Comparisons of Sampling Density and Extrapolation Method at the County Level. Catena, 165, 465-472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.02.007 |
| [14] | 水利部. 水利部办公厅关于印发《全国水土保持规划国家级水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区复核划分成果》的通知(办水保[2013]188号)[EB/OL]. http://zzsw.zhengzhou.gov.cn/tzgg2/701057.jhtml |
| [15] | 蔡崇法, 丁树文, 史志华, 等. 应用USLE模型与地理信息系统IDRISI预测小流域土壤侵蚀量的研究[J]. 水土保持学, 2000, 14(2): 19-24. |
| [16] | 中华人民共和国水利部. SL190-2007土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S]. 北京: 中国水利水电出版社, 2007. |
| [17] | 邹宏荣, 王烨, 陆国宾, 等. 淮河上游产沙模拟研究[J]. 水资源保护, 2016, 32(4): 80-83. |
| [18] | 刘瑞娟, 张万昌, 裴洪芹, 等. 淮河流域土壤侵蚀与影响因子关系分析[J]. 中国水土保持, 2010(5): 29-32. |
