儿童胃肠型流感与轮状病毒性肠炎的临床特征比较
Comparison of Clinical Features between Gastrointestinal Influenza and Rotavirus Enteritis in Children

目的：比较儿童胃肠型流感及有发热症状的轮状病毒性肠炎临床特征，以提高临床诊断水平。方法：回顾性分析2017年12月至2018年1月胃肠型流感及轮状病毒性肠炎患儿的临床资料。结果：1) 胃肠型流感102例，轮状病毒性肠炎268例，胃肠型流感组发病年龄均数为3.9 ± 2.3岁，轮状病毒性肠炎组发病年龄均数为1.9 ± 1.8岁，组间差异存在统计学意义(t = 8.2, P < 0.01)，两组间性别构成比差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)；2) 全部病例均有发热，以热峰超过39℃界定为高热，胃肠型流感高热发生率为88.2% (90/102)，轮状病毒性肠炎组74.6% (200/268)，组间差异存在统计学意义(X² = 8.1, P < 0.01)；胃肠型流感组热峰为39.2 ± 0.7℃，轮状病毒性肠炎组38.8 ± 0.6℃，组间差异存在统计学意义(t = 6.1, P < 0.01)；3) 全部病例均有不同程度腹泻和(或)呕吐，每日腹泻最多次数轮状病毒性肠炎组为5.4 ± 2.9次，高于胃肠型流感组1.3 ± 1.9次，组间差异存在统计学意义(t = ？16.0, P < 0.01)；每日呕吐最多次数轮状病毒性肠炎组为2.7 ± 2.7次，高于胃肠型流感组1.8 ± 1.8次/天，组间差异存在统计学意义(t = ？4.1, P < 0.01)；4) 以Vesikari临床严重度评分系统评判严重程度，胃肠型流感组5.9 ± 1.6分，轮状病毒性肠炎组8.3 ± 2.4分，组间差异存在统计学意义(t = 11.2, P < 0.01)，两组轻中重度例数占比比较差异存在统计学差异(X² = 86.2, P < 0.01)。结论：胃肠型流感与轮状病毒性肠炎在发病季节上有交叉，临床特征类似，但发热热峰、腹泻及呕吐频次、疾病严重程度有所不同，快速病原学检测有助于鉴别诊断。
Objective: To compare the clinical features of gastrointestinal influenza and rotavirus enteritis with fever in children. Methods: Clinical data of children with gastrointestinal influenza and rotavirus enteritis from December 2017 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 1) There were 102 cases of gastrointestinal influenza and 268 cases of rotavirus enteritis. The mean age of onset of gastrointestinal influenza was 3.9 ± 2.3 years, and the group of rotavirus enteritis was 1.9 ± 1.8 years. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (t = 8.2, P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in gender composition between the two groups (P > 0.05). 2) All patients had a fever. It is defined as high heat when the thermal peak exceeds 39℃. The high fever incidence of gastrointestinal influenza was 88.2% (90/102), and the group of rotavirus enteritis was 74.6% (200/268). The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (X² = 8.1, P < 0.01). The heat peak of gastrointestinal influenza group was 39.2 ± 0.7℃, while that of rotavirus enteritis group was 38.8 ± 0.6℃. There was significant difference between the two groups (t = 6.1, P < 0.01). 3) All the patients had diarrhea and vomiting of varying degrees. The maximum number of diarrhea per day in the group of rotavirus enteritis was (5.4 ± 2.9) times, which was higher than that in gastrointestinal influenza group (1.3 ± 1.9) times, there was statistical significance between the two groups (t = ？16.0, P < 0.01). The maximum number of vomiting per day in rotavirus enteritis group was (2.7 ± 2.7) times, which was higher than that in gastrointestinal