A Kind of Spontaneous Non-Equilibrium Ordered Structure and the Exploration of Its Usability

Demonstrated the existence of another kind of non-equilibrium ordered structure that emerges at vapor-liquid interface spontaneously. This structure forms spontaneously due to thermal motion of the molecules moving between the vapor phase and the liquid phase. Also presented an experimental model based on this ordered structure. In the model, each spontaneous process can make a segment approach equilibrium, but also cause another segment to deviate from equilibrium. The linkage and complementarity between the spontaneous processes form a self-sustained cyclic mechanism. Our analysis showed that, with an appropriate mechanism, the vapor and liquid phases can stay in non-equilibrium with each other all the time; the molecules moving from the liquid phase to the vapor phase can get back to the liquid surface through another specified path and the potential energy of the molecules can be used to do work during this process. Here we also proposed that non-energy-consuming ordering self-organize mechanisms similar to Maxwell's demon are possible and microscopic Brownian motion of molecules can be converted into directional macroscopic motion.