ROLE OF OSTEOPONTIN IN BOVINES AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH DIFFERENT TRAITS: A REVIEW

Osteopontin is a phosphorylated glycoprotein which forms an important component of the mineralized extracellular phosphorylated glycoproteins which plays a vital role in mineralized extracellular matrices of bones and teeth. It has a multifunctional protein found in various types of tissues and body fluids with highest concentrations found in milk. Comparative sequence analysis of the bovine OPN with various species has revealed both conserved and non-conserved sequences. This gene is located on BTA 6 comprising of 7 exons. OPN gene is involved in cell-mediated immune responses, inflammation and cell attachment. Osteopontin gene has important roles in growth, production and reproduction of the animals, and is also known to be associated with body weight, stillbirth and dystocia in bovines. OPN is reported to up regulate and promote the expression and secretion of Th1 cytokines. Polymorphism in this gene makes it a probable candidate for improving genetic progress in cattle breeding