The emerging multimedia Internet application IPTV over P2P network preserves significant advantages in scalability. IPTV media content delivered in P2P networks over public Internet still preserves the issues of privacy and intellectual property rights. In this paper, we use SIP protocol to construct a secure application-layer multicast overlay network for IPTV, called SIPTVMON. SIPTVMON can secure all the IPTV media delivery paths against eavesdroppers via elliptic-curve Diffie-Hellman (ECDH) key exchange on SIP signaling and AES encryption. Its load-balancing overlay tree is also optimized from peer heterogeneity and churn of peer joining and leaving to minimize both service degradation and latency. The performance results from large-scale simulations and experiments on different optimization criteria demonstrate SIPTVMON's cost effectiveness in quality of privacy protection, stability from user churn, and good perceptual quality of objective PSNR values for scalable IPTV services over Internet. 1. Introduction Due to the prevalent broadband Internet access and advanced video compression techniques, the Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) has been emerging as one of the most popular Internet applications. IPTV can further benefit Internet users by entertainment, social, and business values, but IPTV faces more challenges of scalability, privacy, and service quality over the public Internet due to the conventional client-server architecture applied. The success of well-known P2P video-streaming systems such as PPStream [1], PPLive [2], Sopcast [3], and TVants [4] has proven that P2P paradigm is a feasible solution to deliver bandwidth-hunger IPTV media content in large scale over the pervasive Internet. However, the above-mentioned proprietary P2P video-streaming systems still suffer the issues of long startup delays, significant video-switching delays, large peer playback lags, and security due to the peer heterogeneity and churn [5–7]. Therefore, the P2P overlay networks for future multimedia Internet should overcome the previous shortcomings to further promise quality of service, security, and experience to the IPTV end users. Moreover, the P2P overlay architecture for promising IPTV services should be not only easily convergent in heterogeneous networks, but also feasibly integrated with other Internet applications. In this paper, we apply SIP protocol [8] to construct an application-layer multicast (ALM) overlay network, which is called SIPTVMON, with privacy protection, load balancing, and stability for IPTV to overcome the disadvantages
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