Effects of Body Condition and Concentrate Proportion of the Ration on Mobilization of Fat Depots and Energetic Condition in Dairy Cows during Early Lactation Based on Ultrasonic Measurements

During early lactation, cows face metabolic challenges. They experience a negative energy balance as energy intake increases more slowly than energy output with milk rises. To compensate for that energy deficit, higher amounts of concentrate are offered. Additionally, cows are able to extract energy from body fat by lipid mobilization. Excessive body fat mobilization, however, leads to metabolic disorders. Therefore, high-conditioned cows are suggested to have a more pronounced lipid mobilization. The intention of the present study was to examine the change of various fat depots during the transition period depending on body condition and energy supply with ultrasonic measurements. Body condition loss after calving usually interpreted as mobilization of subcutaneous adipose tissue was not different between cows with a higher or lower body condition score. However, ultrasonic measurements detected a more pronounced mobilization of subcutaneous adipose tissue in higher conditioned animals. In contrast, inner fat depots were mobilized similarly between cows. Higher concentrate feed proportions led to a less pronounced negative energy balance. A less pronounced negative energy balance would have been expected to decrease lipid mobilization. However, this relation could not be verified in the present study. This demonstrates that sonography-based methods provide a clearer picture of metabolic conditions