Changes in energy metabolism, and levels of stress-related hormones and electrolytes in horses after intravenous administration of romifidine and the peripheral α-2 adrenoceptor antagonist vatinoxan

Mean plasma glucose concentration of seven horses. The horses received romifidine (ROM, 80 μg/kg IV), ROM with vatinoxan (ROM？+？V, 80 μg/kg？+？200 μg/kg IV) and vatinoxan (V, 200 μg/kg IV) at T0. Error bars indicate the standard deviation. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly different (P？<？0.05) from baseline at T60 and T120 after ROM and at T30, T60 and T120 after ROM？+？V. Significant difference (P？<？0.05) between * ROM and ROM？+？V, ？ROM？+？V and V and ？ROM and