Left main bronchus as a guide for individualized transseptal puncture using a conventional fluoroscopic approach in cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation

Although imaging modalities, such as transesophageal and intracardiac echocardiography, have helped to improve the safety of atrial transseptal puncture (TSP), fluoroscopy is still traditionally and widely used in TSP. The aim of the present study was to evaluate an individual knack for TSP during cryoballoon ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) under fluoroscopy